Fast Blue RR

Location of alkaline phosphatase on starch or polyacrylamide gels has been achieved using a- or /3-naphthyl phosphate in conjunction with a stabilized diazonium salt, e.g., fast blue RR 149) or fast blue BB 150). 

Add a-naphthyl butyrate and three drops of acetone to the Fast Blue RR salt. Then add 50 ml of phosphate buffer and stir the solution vigorously over low heat. Add 1 ml of 1% a-naphthyl acetate to the warm solution. Pour the solution immediately over the gel through a single layer of cheesecloth... 

Techniques. In 1962, McKinley and Read (42) developed an esterase-inhibition technique for the detection of organophosphate pesticide residues on paper chromatograms. The procedure involved conversion of the thiophosphates with bromine to yield active esterase inhibitors, the inhibition by the pesticide of the esterases from a beef liver homogenate sprayed onto the chromatogram, the hydrolysis of the substrate (a-naph-thyl acetate) which was sprayed onto the paper after the liver homogenate had dried, and the development of a background color between Fast Blue RR and the hydrolysis product, a-naphthol. 

Phenolphthalein diphosphate followed by alkali Reduction of the tetrazolium salt of MTT P-Naphthyl phosphate and diazo salt of fast blue RR... 

Agar overlay with tetrazolium salt a-Naphthol plus dimethylpapraphenylenediamine a-Naphthylbutyrate plus diazo salt of fast blue RR Reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium salt Sodium a-naphthyl acid phosphate plus diazo salt of 5-chloro-o-toluidine... 

At times l, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes, 200 pL of buffer (as before) containing 1 mmol L" J-naphthyl acetate and 1,5 mmol I. 1 Fast Blue RR Salt were added to slop the inhibition and monitor the esterase activity remaining. This was performed by using a microplate reader (Molecular Devices) monitoring the assays at 450 nm for 10 minutes (Grant et al. 1989). 

The miniaturized pH-sensing device was manufactured by modification of the carbon microfiber surface with a diazonium salt of Fast Blue RR (FBRR) via electrochemical cycling. The mechanism by which the diazonium salt was attached to the carbon surface is given by following scheme. Radicals of the diazonium salt are formed electrochemically by reduction and afterwards, they are covalently attached to the carbon-fiber electrode by evolution of nitrogen. 

The recognition sites of the modified carbon microelectrode were used to detect these electrochemically active compounds which are associated with pH fluctuations. Fast Blue RR (FBRR) contains a hydroquinoid structure. The fabricated probe was able to measure the redox activity of p-quinone to detect the real-time pH values in biological microenvironments associated with the physiological changes. A number of other quinone-based compounds are available which can respond to pH fluctuations but all these compounds are not biocompatible and efficient to detect pH changes in biological environments. 

Note The detection is not affected if the dipping solution exhibits a slight opalescent turbidity. Fast blue salt BB [18] or fast blue salt RR [18,19] can be employed in the reagent in place of fast blue salt B. It is occasionally preferable not to apply spray solutions I and II separately but to work directly with a 0.1% solution of fast blue salt B in caustic soda solution (c=l—2mol/l) [13, 15] or in 0.5% methanolic caustic potash [3]. 

Fig. 1 Chromatograms of urine samples containing THC metabolites detection with fast blue salt RR (A) and fast blue salt B (B). Track Ai and B, metabolite-free urines tracks A,6 and B15 represent ca. 60 ng total cannabinoids per ml urine (determined by RIA).

Note The alternative fast blue salt BB produced the most intensely colored chromatogram zones for visual analysis in daylight, while fluorescence quenching in UV light (A = 254 nm) was greater with fast blue salt B and fast blue salt RR (Figs. 1 and 2). 

Palatine Fast Salt 0, 440 Blue GGN, 439 Para Red, 9, 444 Pararosaniline, 36, 369 Perlon Fast Orange RRS, 442 Phthalocyanine Blue, 121... 

Farnesyl alcohol. See Farnesol Pascal 2004] Pascal 2005. See Stannous chloride anhydrous Pascal 4400. See Stannic chloride Fast acid magenta. See Acid red 33 Fast blue. See Dianisidine Fast blue 7GLN. See Direct blue 218 Fast brown RR salt. See 2,6-Dichloro-p-phenylenediamine... 

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