Claims, false

Prior to the proposal of the Periodic Table, there was no information available on how many chemical elements could possibly exist. Even after the appearance of the numerous periodic tables of chemical elements, the rare earth elements were an especially difficult case because they could not be properly arranged into any of the Tables. Until the twentieth century, fractional crystallization was the only method of purification of elements. In most cases, this required thousands of recrystallizations involving months of work. As a result, there is a long list of various false claims among the rare earth elements, some of which are detailed below. 

Before the twentieth century, most government controls were concerned not with drugs but with impure and adulterated foods. Medicines were thought to pose problems similar to those presented by foods. Efficacy was questioned in two respects adulteration of active medicines by addition of inert fillers and false claims made for the so-called patent (secret) medicines or nostrums. Indeed, much of the development of the science of pharmacy in the nineteenth century was standardizing and improving prescription drugs. 

Nonetheless, the government has yet to bring a False Claims Act case which seeks damages for cGMP. One reason may be that the government has multiple other remedies within which to recover damages from noncompliant manufacturers, such as criminal fines and penalties and disgorgement. 

Even so, factual questions will be raised, including (1) Even with the false representations, was a false claim caused to be submitted (2) Had the FDA known about the falsities, would it have enjoined the manufacturer from any further production, etc (3) What about the false record or statement made the claims for such drugs false ... 

In U.S. v. Johnson, the Supreme Court rules that the Pure Food and Drug Act did not prohibit false claims about the benefits of a drug, only false claims about the ingredients. 

In response to the 1911 Supreme Court ruling, Congress passes the Sherley amendment to prohibit labeling of medicines with false claims about therapeutic value that intend to defraud consumers. 

For all herbs, any number of therapeutic claims have been made over the ages. Many have been verified scientifically. Others are supported by centuries of traditional use or by anecdotal accounts that have not been validated scientifically. This doesn t mean that such uses don t hold water. It means that science hasn t bothered to investigate or test these health-promoting claims. By contrast, because of either misinformation, misinterpretation, or outright deception motivated by greed, false claims have been made on behalf of many plants. Those claims have not withstood, or could not withstand, scientific scrutiny. 

In addition, the purveyors of thousands of patent medicines—containing drugs such as opium, morphine, heroin, and cocaine—sold them without restriction. The makers of these medicines, who regularly made false claims about their therapeutic value, did not even list ingredients or warnings on the labels. 

The production and advertising of weight loss supplements have soared in recent years. While that has been happening, crackdowns on false claims have also soared. 

VisionTel Communications, advertisers of Chito-Trim and 8 TurboTone, agreed to pay 750,000 after making false claims about these and several other products (including [ supplements advertised for purposes other than weight Lt loss). In addition to these cases, the FDA has taken mil- y lions of dollars worth of products from manufacturers who have refused to correct themselves. 

Since the original of the application form to the revisionist gathering in Roding had been introduced as evidence during the trial and not a copy, as the court falsely claims in its written verdict, it is easy to see that I was not present at the gathering in Roding. In a later publication, my defense lawyer confirmed the report of the independent observer and criticized the court harshly for this rather odd mistake.568 One can see even further that the report of the independent observer is correct with respect to my responses. If one considers that Remer was abso-... 

Cloning of the opioid receptors did not come easy, and there were many false claims along the way. Efforts began in the mid-1980s in the wake of cloning of the opioid peptide precursors. However, it was not till 1992 that the delta receptor was first cloned and provided the critical probes leading to the characterization of the entire family of opioid receptors. 

Under Sections 14 and 15 of the Food Safety Act, it is an offence to sell food that is not of the nature, substance or quality demanded by the consumer or to falsely or misleadingly describe or present food. The presence of any undeclared oils or false claims regarding the geographical origin of the oil may be considered to constitute such an offence. 

At the same time, false claims are being made that these children have biological disorders. However, as Foltz (2006) astutely concluded,... 

The study Holocaust (Belief and Facts) was published in English in volume 12, issue 4 (winter 1992/1993) of the Journal of Historical Review. It should be briefly mentioned that in it Lilftl stated the motives that had prompted his work, and further, that he believed that a crime begins with the very first person wrongly killed and that it was not the issue to try to argue for a reduction of the number of victims, but rather that the numerous contradictions and the factually incorrect, even deliberately false claims he had pointed out needed to be critically appraised and analyzed by techni-... 

It is not surprising, therefore, that the descriptions of the camp, its organization and circumstances, which take up another 40 pages of the Reasons for Sentence, contain numerous patently and veri-fiably false claims and statements. For example, on pages 57-58 of the Reasons for Sentence it actually states, verbatim ... 

In January 1995 the defense, at long last, also obtained copies of the serological reports. (For an account of how this evidence was obtained in the face of strenuous official opposition, see Section 5.2. False Claims Made by the Wuppertal Court) These serological reports contain the following information pertaining to Freimark s blood tests ... 

The Wuppertal Court made several false claims. A number of them have been known for some time. For example, it has been proven ever since 1990 that the Court s claim that no further documentation was available regarding Freimark s illness was false (see Section 2.2, New Evidence ). 

Another false claim was that the medical records of convalescing patients were always marked typhus still suspected (see Section 3.1.7.2, Mis-Timed Circumstantial Evidence ). 

A more complicated matter, on the other hand, is that of the film which the Americans also showed during the IMT trials and which, like Todesmiihlen, was also claimed to show the alleged atrocities in the concentration camps. Aside from presenting the false claim that inmates were gassed in the showers of Dachau, this movie also showed the infamous shrunken heads and the supposed artifacts made from human skins, as well as many inmates who had died of malnutrition and typhus the movie commentary, however, was misleading. 

Most of the recent regulatory enforcement activity by the government pertaining to health care has focused on violahons of the False Claims Statutes, the Prescription Drug Marketing Act, or the Anti-kickback Statute. 

The False Claims Statutes were designed to prevent the government from paying for goods or services that were either not provided or not provided in compliance with government regulations. Federal and state False Claims Statutes make it a felony to ... 

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