Factors associated with development

Approximately 400,000 Americans have MS. Most are diagnosed with MS between the ages of 20 and 50 years. Twice as many women as men develop MS.1 Risk factors associated with developing MS include family history of MS, autoimmune diseases, or migraine and personal history of autoimmune diseases or migraine.2... 

PERSONAL RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DEVELOPMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA... 

What is acute pyelonephritis and what are the risk factors associated with developing the condition ... 

Manni GM, Centofanti M, Sacchetti M, et al. Demographic and cUnical factors associated with development of brimonidtne tartrate 0.2%-induced ocular aUergy. J Glaucoma 2004 13 163-167. 

Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is a common cause of cancer death worldwide with a striking geographical variation in incidence. In the People s Republic of China, HCC has an incidence rate of 150 cases per 100,000 per year in some regions and accounts for over 250,000 deaths annually. Major etiological factors associated with development of HCC include iufection with hepatitis B or C viruses and exposure to dietaryaflatoxin Bi (AFBi) [26 27]. 

Some Factors Associated With Development of Atherosclerosis... 

Hurst (19) discusses the similarity in action of the pyrethrins and of DDT as indicated by a dispersant action on the lipids of insect cuticle and internal tissue. He has developed an elaborate theory of contact insecticidal action but provides no experimental data. Hurst believes that the susceptibility to insecticides depends partially on the cuticular permeability, but more fundamentally on the effects on internal tissue receptors which control oxidative metabolism or oxidative enzyme systems. The access of pyrethrins to insects, for example, is facilitated by adsorption and storage in the lipophilic layers of the epicuticle. The epicuticle is to be regarded as a lipoprotein mosaic consisting of alternating patches of lipid and protein receptors which are sites of oxidase activity. Such a condition exists in both the hydrophilic type of cuticle found in larvae of Calliphora and Phormia and in the waxy cuticle of Tenebrio larvae. Hurst explains pyrethrinization as a preliminary narcosis or knockdown phase in which oxidase action is blocked by adsorption of the insecticide on the lipoprotein tissue components, followed by death when further dispersant action of the insecticide results in an irreversible increase in the phenoloxidase activity as a result of the displacement of protective lipids. This increase in phenoloxidase activity is accompanied by the accumulation of toxic quinoid metabolites in the blood and tissues—for example, O-quinones which would block substrate access to normal enzyme systems. The varying degrees of susceptibility shown by different insect species to an insecticide may be explainable not only in terms of differences in cuticle make-up but also as internal factors associated with the stability of oxidase systems. 

The development of commercial continuous processes involves the consideration of many factors associated with process design and product quality. Most of the factors discussed in this paper will be important. Other, equally significant parameters, may be important for specific polymer products. Failure to deal with any of these problems may mean failure to develop an economical process. 

RA affects approximately 1% of the United States population and 1% to 2% of the world s population.1,2 RA arises from an immunologic reaction, and there is speculation that it is in response to a genetic or infectious antigen. Risk factors associated with the development of RA include ... 

Demonstrate understanding of the etiology and risk factors associated with the development of ovarian cancer. 

Other factors associated with the risk of NMSC include exposure to ionizing radiation and arsenic, which is connected with BCC. Chemical carcinogens that give rise to NMSC include industrial hydrocarbons that are found in coal tars, soot, asphalt, paraffin waxes, and tobacco.21 Exposure to the human papilloma virus (HPV-6, -11, -16, and -18) has been linked to SCC.31 Lastly, a personal history of previous melanoma is a risk factor for developing another primary melanoma. 

A work by Stegmaier (1978) has also developed a friction factor associated with the solids flow. This expression is... 

Oxidized LDL are considered to be one of the major factors associated with the development of atherosclerosis. The earliest event is the transport of LDL into the arterial wall where LDL, being trapped in subendothelial space, are oxidized by oxygen radicals produced by endothelial and arterial smooth muscle cells. The oxidation of LDL in the arterial wall is affected by various factors including hemodynamic forces such as shear stress and stretch force. Thus, it has been shown [177] that stress force imposed on vascular smooth muscle cells incubated with native LDL increased the MDA formation by about 150% concomitantly with the enhancement of superoxide production. It was suggested that oxidation was initiated by NADPH oxidase-produced superoxide and depended on the presence of metal ions. 

Personal Risk Factors Associated with the Development of Occupational... 

Cathodic cyclization reactions have supphed and continue to provide a fertile territory for the development and exploration of new reactions and the determination of reaction mechanism. Two areas that appear to merit additional exploration include the application of existing methodology to the synthesis of natural products, and, more significantly, a systematic assessment of the factors associated with the control of both relative and absolute stereochemistry. Until there is a solid foundation to which the non-electrochemist can confidently turn in evaluating the prospects for stereochemical control, it seems somewhat unlikely that electrochemically-based methods will see widespread use in organic synthesis. Fortunately, this comment can be viewed as a challenge and as a problem simply awaiting creative solution. 

Even when a disease has been effectively treated in a conntry, retention of the disease in small isolated pockets can act as a source for future infection. This can readily occnr when movement of even a small nnmber of infected people into a population in which the immnne system is impaired can lead to the spread of this new disease to areas that were previously free of it. Chronic illness due to malnutrition can weaken the immune system which then facilitates the spread of an infection. This is a particular problem if malnutrition is accompanied by a chronic illness. Althongh malnutrition and accompanying diseases are associated with developing countries, the phenomenon also occurs in developed countries, for example, in the very poor, the homeless, drug abusers and the elderly. It is now considered to be a major factor in the increased incidence of tuberculosis in these gronps. 

Many dietary and environmental factors have been implicated as possible etiologic factors in the development of pancreatic cancer, but no definite causal relationships have been established. The strongest evidence points to cigarette smoking as a risk factor associated with pancreatic cancer (20-24). Occupational exposure to certain chemicals has also been linked to pancreatic carcinoma (25). Others in the high-risk group include stone miners, cement workers, gardeners, textile workers, and leather tanners (17,26). 

A. The NRTIs can produce a potentially fatal syndrome of lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with hepatic steatosis. Risk factors associated with the development of this syndrome include female sex, obesity, alcoholism, and prolonged exposure to NRTIs. Peripheral neuropathy is a common side effect of some NRTIs (e.g., stavudine., didanosine, and zalcitabine) but not associated with these risk factors. Stevens-Johnson syndrome is rarely associated with NNRTIs, such as nevirapine, and not with these risk factors. Hyperuricemia is not associated with these risk factors. Hypersensitivity reaction may oc-... 

There are also psychological factors that may predispose someone toward GAD. One of these is a history of emotional, physical, or sexual abuse. Being involved in relationships that are unstable, like with someone who is an alcoholic or a drug abuser, is also associated with developing GAD. 

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