Gasifications facilities

Southern Company (2008) Power Systems Development Facility -Gasification Test Campaign TC23. Tech. Rep. DE-FC21-90MC2S140, Southern Company Services, Inc. 

Southern Company (2008) Power Systems Development Facility -Gasification Test Campaign TC24. 

Data boundary The equipment types for whieh data are presented in the resource (such as pipelines, valves or instruments) plant type (coal gasification facility, nuclear or ammonia plant, for example). 

Barrier filters have been tested and shown to have potential in gasification demonstration systems. Ceramic and metal candle-type filters were both tested at a commercial demonstration facility at Varnamo, Sweden, that is an integrated... 

Electrostatic filters have been used in many coal-fired power stations, and they have been used in some biomass combustion facilities. Their use in medium- or large-scale gasification systems is limited. Electrostatic filters are best suited for large-scale operation due to their physical size and cost, and the primary impediment to their use in current gasification systems is an economic one. 

There are more than 150 companies around the world that are marketing systems based on gasification concepts. Many of these are optimized for specific wastes or particular scales of dedicated energy production operations. They vary widely in the extent to which they are proven in operation. In addition, there are more than 100 facilities operating around the world. 

Electric power companies are also making changes. American Electric Power Company, one of the major utility giants in the country, plans to build a 40-billion plant that uses coal gasification. The facility will turn coal into synthetic gas before burning it, sharply reducing emissions including carbon dioxide. 

Hexanone is released to water by industrial facilities and at hazardous waste sites. 2-Hexanone was detected in 2 of 3 effluents from coal gasification plants and in 1 of 2 effluents from oil shale processing plants at mean concentrations ranging from 7 to 202 ppb ( jg/L) (Pellizzarri et al. 1979). The compound has also been tentatively identified in 1 of 63 industrial effluents (Perry et al. 1979), the effluent from a chemical plant (Shackelford and Keith 1976), and in one municipal landfill leachate at 0.148 ppm (mg/L) in a study of leachates from 58 municipal and industrial landfills (Brown and Donnelly 1988). 

Waste water effluents from coal gasification facilities contained p-cresol at concentrations of 880 mg/L (Neufeld et al. 1985) and 5,120 ppb (Pellizzari et al. 1979). A coal liquefaction and a shale oil waste water effluent contained p-cresol at concentrations of 420 mg/L (Fedorak and Hrudey 1986) and 779 pg/L (Pellizzari et al. 1979), respectively, p- Cresol was emitted with the waste water of a poultry processing plant at concentrations ranging from 2.14 to 22.5 mg/L (Andelman et al. 1984). 

Waste water effluents from coal gasification plants contained p- and m- cresol at a combined concentration of 1,840 mg/L (Giabbai et al. 1985). p- and m-Cresol were detected at a combined average concentration of 1.0 yg/L for three samples of retort water from a shale oil production facility (Hawthorne and Sievers 1984). 

---