Fabricated process equipment

VAC TRAX is a mobile system that uses existing process equipment and requires minimal custom-fabricated process equipment. This system is also flexible enough to perform over a range of variations of the processing parameters (e.g., concentration of contaminants). VAC TRAX is suitable for sites with small soil volumes (200 to 2000 m ). 

The above discussion supposes that the vendor assembles all fabricated process equipment before shipping it to the plant for installation. In some cases, equipment cannot be shipped to the plant site in one piece and pre-installation field assembly will be required. Examples are furnaces and very large distillation colmnns and other vessels, which cannot be trucked, barged, or sent by rail in one piece to the plant site. Large columns may be fabricated in sections in the shops of the vendor and transported to the plant site where the sections are welded in a horizontal orientation before the column is erected to a vertical position. In this chapter, the purchase cost of field-assembled equipment includes the cost of pre-installation assembly at the plant site. Field-assembly costs are usually included in the purchase-cost quote from a vendor. 

Control over the bond fabrication process (equipment, temperature, pressure, time, and so on)... 

Chemical-Process Vessels. Explosion-bonded products are used in the manufacture of process equipment for the chemical, petrochemical, and petroleum industries where the corrosion resistance of an expensive metal is combined with the strength and economy of another metal. AppHcations include explosion cladding of titanium tubesheet to Monel, hot fabrication of an explosion clad to form an elbow for pipes in nuclear power plants, and explosion cladding titanium and steel for use in a vessel intended for terephthaHc acid manufacture. 

A. B. Shuck and R. M. Mayfield, The Process Equipment and Protective Enclosures Designedfor the Fuel Fabrication Facility, Facility No. 350, ANL-5499, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, lU., 1956. 

This technique was hard on both fabric and equipment, but the premium price advantages of such garments in the marketplace seemed to justify the extra care and expense necessary for production (119—122). Care must be taken in processing as holes in garments or tom pockets, etc, may result. Although there was a period when such garment holes were fashionable, this trend seems to have abated. 

Developments in the carbonizing of fabric (77) have been aimed at reducing the volume of acid used (78,79), in order to reduce energy in drying and save neutralization costs, and at the use of generally available textile processing equipment, eg, the padmangle, for appHcation of the acid in a pad-dry-bake process (80). 

Because carbon is difficult to machine, very tittle impervious carbon equipment is made. However, impervious graphite has been accepted as a standard material of constmction by the chemical process industry for the fabrication of process equipment, such as heat exchangers, pumps, valves, towers, pipe, and fittings (9,10). 

Courtesy of Swenson Process Equipment Inc. (prices from November, 1994). Carbon steel fabrication multiply by 1.75 for 304 stainless steel. 

FIG. 18-75 Eqi lipment prices, FOB point of fabrication, for typical crystallizer systems. Prices are for crystallizer plus accessories including vacuum equipment. (Data supplied hy Swenson Process Equipment, Inc., effective Januaiy, 1.9.95.)... 

Incorrect information can result if the probe is made of the wrong material and is not heat treated in the same way as the process equipment (as well as because of other problems). The probe must be as close as possible to the material from which the equipment of interest is made. Existence of a critical condition, such as weldments or galvanic couples or occluded cells in the eqmpment of concern, makes the fabrication, placement, and maintenance of the probes and monitoring system or critical importance, if accurate and useful data are to be obtained. 

Intrinsic Steei Quaiity refers to the metallurgical and chemical properties of steel products (plate, pipe, tubes, structurals, castings, forgings) supplied to the fabricator for conversion into process equipment. Factors related to deoxidation, controlled finishing temperatures in rolling, and cleaning up of surface defects are included. 

Polynorbomene is also of interest to the plastics processor since by using a dry blending process for mixing and a modified injection moulding process for fabricating, the use of conventional rubber-processing equipment may be avoided. 

In order for VGCF to be suecessfully incorporated into engineering composites, it must be available in forms which composite fabricators are equipped to handle. Since VGCF is bulky and discontinuous as produced, it is not amenable to the textile processing used for continuous carbon and glass fiber. Thus fiber... 

Proper material selection for chemical and process equipment is one of the first important problems encountered by the designer. Among the many parameters that must be considered are structural strength specifications, heat resistance, corrosion resistance, physical properties, fabrication characteristics, composition and structure of material and cost. 

Establish field construction hydraulic test pressures for each process equipment. Sometimes the equipment is blanked or blocked off, and no test pressure is applied in the field, because all pressure equipment must be tested in the fabricators or manufacturers shop per ASME Code. 

While glass can provide many of the desirable features of an ideal inert material, fabrication difficulties prevent its use for large-diameter chemical process equipment, and mechanical considerations would in any case make it necessary to treat any such equipment with great care. 

Zvergin VG, Gladchenko AN, Sazonov WV (1984) In Quality and efficiency control and design and fabrication of polymer processing equipment. VNIIRTmaxsh Publication, Tambov, p 32... 

P-plastomers provide a unique combination of ease of processing, such that conventional thermoplastic-processing routines and arid equipment can be adapted to this polymer as weU as for a final fabricated product that is elastic. This combination of properties leads to the easy fabrication of elastic materials such as fibers and films, which traditionally have only been made inelastic by the use of thermoplastics. This advance opens the pathway to the introduction of desirable elastic properties to a host of fabrication processes very different from either the conventional rubber-processing equipment or the conventional rubber products, such as tires. P-plastomers and their fabricated products are not only soft, but also elastic. 

Processing and Application. Polystyrene and the other thermoplastics would not have been able to enter on their triumphal march if the manufacturers of processing equipment had not been able to provide efficient fabrication methods. A decisive factor was that between 1950 and 1960 the injection molding machine with a screw preplasticizer was developed and extrusion through slit dies to give sheeting or film followed by thermoforming was evolved. 

Is a simple and inexpensive stabihzation process, low-cost fabrication using equipment similar to that in the conventional cement industry. 

Process equipment selection, design, and surface that contain product contact surfaces or potentially contaminating surfaces should be specihed such that cross-contamination is minimized and clean ability is maximized. Design review should be conducted before the actual fabrication begins. 

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