Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase

Benitez-King, G., Rios, A., Martinez, A. Anton-Tay, F. (1996). In vitro inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase n activity by melatonin. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1290, 191-6. 

Xiao, R.P., Cheng, H., Lederer, W.J., etal. 1994, Dual regulation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity by membrane voltage and by calcium influx. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 91(20), pp 9659-63. 

Goppelt-Struebe M, Hahn A, Stroebel M, Reiser CO. Independent regulation of cyclo-oxygenase 2 expression by p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinases and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase. Biochem J 1999 339(Pt 2) 329-334. 

Zhu, W., Zou, Y., Shiojima, I., Kudoh, S., Aikawa, R., Hayashi, D., Mizukami, M., Toko, H., Shibasaki, E, Yazaki, Y., Nagai, R., and Komuro, I. 2000. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II and calcineurin play critical roles in endothelin-1-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. J. Biol. Chem. 275 15239-15245. 

Linseman DA et al (2003) Inactivation of the myocyte enhancer factor-2 repressor histone deacetylase-5 by endogenous Ca2+ calmodulin-dependent kinase II promotes depolarization-mediated cerebellar granule neuron survival. J Biol Chem 278(42) 41472-41481... 

AMPK can also be activated by a Ca2+-mediated pathway involving phosphorylation at Thr-172 by the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, CaMKK 3. CaMKKa and CaMKK 3 were discovered as the upstream kinase for the calmodulin-dependent protein kinases-1 and -IV they both activate AMPK in a Ca2+/ calmodulin-dependent manner in cell-free assays, although CaMKK 3 appears to much more active against AMPK in intact cells. Expression of CaMKKa and CaMKK(3 primarily occurs in neural tissues, but CaMKKp is also expressed in some other cell types. Thus, the Ca2+-mediated pathway for AMPK activation has now been shown to occur in response to depolarization in rat neuronal tissue, in response to thrombin (acting via a Gq-coupled receptor) in endothelial cells, and in response to activation of the T cell receptor in T cells. 

Bagni, C., Mannucci, L., Dotti, C. G., and Amaldi, F. (2000). Chemical stimulation of synaptosomes modulates alpha —Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II mRNA association to polysomes. J. Neurosci. 20, RC76. 

Takao, K., Okamoto, K., Nakagawa, T., Neve, R. L., Nagai, T., Miyawaki, A., Hashikawa, T., Kobayashi, S. and Hayashi, Y. (2005). Visualization of synaptic Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activity in living neurons. J. Neurosci. 25, 3107-12. 

Ca2+,calmodulin-dependent May transiently associate with synaptic vesicles to phosphorylate synapsins and rabphilin-3A. May regulate various protein kinases I and II steps in neurotransmitter release. 

ALD adrenoleukodystrophy CaMK Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase cyclic adenosine 3, 5 -monophosphate... 

CaMK kinases are Ca2+/calmodulin regulated kinases, while CMGC Pks collect cyclic-dependent, mitogene-activated peptide (MAP) kinases, GSK3 and Clk kinases, that phosphorylate substrates in proline-rich domains. The last group are PTKs (protein tyrosine kinases), which include both receptor and non-receptor kinases, which phosphorylates tyrosine residues (this will be discussed in Sect. 4.3). 

G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) 441 scaffold proteins 441 inhibitory G protein (GO 441 calmodulin (CaM) 444 Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaM kinases I IV)) 444 two-component signaling systems 452 receptor His kinase 452 response regulator 452 receptorlike kinase (RLK) 455... 

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