Extracellular matrix graft

Galactosylated chitosan prepared from lactobionic acid and chitosan with l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimideand N-hydroxysuccinimide was a good extracellular matrix for hepatocyte attachment [155] (Fig. 4). Furthermore, graft copolymers of galactosylated chitosan with poly(ethylene glycol) or poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) were useful for hepatocyte-targeting DNA carrier [156,157]. 

The accumulation of apo(a) in the aorta wall and in saphenous vein bypass grafts in relation to Lp(a) levels was recently demonstrated (C14, R3). Subsequently, the preferential deposition of extracellular apo(a) in atherosclerotic lesions of aortic and coronary artery tissue, in conjunction with the intracellular localization of apo(a) in macrophage-derived foam cells, has been the focus of a number of studies (N6, P7, S34, S35, W17). These careful studies also demonstrated the avid binding of Lp(a) to extracellular matrix components and the colocalization of fibrin and apo(a) in atheromatous lesions (N8, W16). 

Adenoviruses carrying the gene that expresses TIMP-3 has been shown to be able to overexpress TIMP3 within the extracellular matrix. As a result MMP activity was decreased and apoptosis levels in the neointima and medial layer were significantly elevated by TIMP-3 overexpression. Consequently neointimal formation declined by 84% in human veins at 14 days and by 58% in pig vein grafts. 

Kraehenbuehl TP, Zammaretti P, Van der Vlies AJ et al (2008) Three-dimensional extracellular matrix-directed cardioprogenitor differentiation systematic modulation of a synthetic cell-responsive PEG-hydrogel. Biomaterials 29 2757-2766 Kwon OH, Kikuchi A, Yamato M et al (2000) Rapid cell sheet detachment from poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)-grafted porous cell culture membranes. J Biomed Mater Res 50 82-89... 

Lbfberg, J., Nynas-McCoy, A., Olsson, C., Jbnsson, L. and Perris, R. (1985) Stimulation of initial neural crest cell migration in the axolotl embryo by tissue grafts and extracellular matrix transplanted on microcarriers. Dev. Biol. 107 442 59. 

Ohya S, Nakayama Y, Matsuda T. Thermoresponsive artificial extracellular matrix for tissue engineering hyaluronic acid bioconjugated with poly(N-iso-propylacrylamide) grafts. Biomacromolecules 2001 2 856-863. 

Copolymer polymers constituting two or more monomers can be made by grafting, block, altering or random attachment of the polymer segments/chains. Extracellular matrix (ECM) the intercellular material of a tissue or the tissue from which a structure develops. 

More recently, the Santerre lab used the coculture of primary cells with monocytes/ MDMs to promote a wound-heaUng milieu to encourage cell attachment, infiltration, and proliferation on D-PHl PU films and scaffolds for TE vascular graft applications [67,91,105-107]. In the context of blood vessel TE, it was found that by coculturing monocytes with ECs on D-PHI films that the ECs attached better and spread out more while displaying more EC functional markers than EC monocultures (CD31) [91 ]. VSMCs benefited from coculture with monocytes on both film and porous scaffold forms of D-PHI [67,106,107], On porous scaffolds, the monocyte coculture helped VSMCs migrate within the pores and increased deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins [107]. A recent study found that monocyte-conditioned medium could also promote VSMC attachment to... 

Ishii, O., Shin, M., Sueda, T., Vacanti, J.P., 2005. In vitro tissue engineering of a cardiac graft using a degradable scaffold with an extracellular matrix-like topography. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 130, 1358-1363. 

Hyaluronic acid Extracellular matrix of higher animals Ions, pH, electrical field, light (anthracene grafted), temperature (grafted with PNIPAAm), and redox (itself and thiolated)... 

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