Permanent extension

The APA (1990b) task force also ignored older controlled clinical studies by Janis (1948, 1950 Janis et al., 1951) showing extensive, permanent loss of important personal memories and life history following routine ECT. Janis (1948, 1950 Janis Astrachan, 1951) interviewed 19 patients before and after routine ECT, and 11 control patients with similar diagnoses in the same hospitals. The results 1 month postshock were striking Every shock patient had significant memory losses. Many patients were unable to recall 10-20 life experiences which had been available to recall prior to electroshock treatment. 

Focal haemorrhage and pulmonary oedema are typical of the acute toxic effects, but there does not appear to be extensive permanent damage from non-fatal doses. However, residual focal emphysema and interstitial fibrosis remaining after the initial lesions have cleared are possible long term results of the injury [1794,2235]. 

Bolted metal plates are sometimes used for temporary repairs to composite-skinned honeycomb panels, but a result is the need for more extensive permanent repairs. 

Titanium dioxide is extensively used for both house paint and artist s paint, because it is permanent and has good covering power. Titanium oxide pigment accounts for the largest use of the element. Titanium paint is an excellent reflector of infrared, and is extensively used in solar observatories where heat causes poor seeing conditions. 

The elongation of a stretched fiber is best described as a combination of instantaneous extension and a time-dependent extension or creep. This viscoelastic behavior is common to many textile fibers, including acetate. Conversely, recovery of viscoelastic fibers is typically described as a combination of immediate elastic recovery, delayed recovery, and permanent set or secondary creep. The permanent set is the residual extension that is not recoverable. These three components of recovery for acetate are given in Table 1 (4). The elastic recovery of acetate fibers alone and in blends has also been reported (5). In textile processing strains of more than 10% are avoided in order to produce a fabric of acceptable dimensional or shape stabiUty. 

Many kilns that formerly were direct coal-fired or producer-gas verticals were retrofitted to natural gas firing with center-burners and after World War II, dramatically improving lime quaUty, kiln capacity, and fuel efficiency. By the 1960s, this improved vertical kiln had lost favor to rotary and other special kilns because of the supply and cost problems of oil and gas in the United States and the spectacular improvement in rotary kiln performance. Many natural gas-fired center burners were permanently closed and dismanded because they could not be converted to coal. However, the reverse occurred in Europe where the extensive oil and gas discoveries heightened interest in the new, advanced vertical kilns. 

At the time of a computer mn of a simulation, it is desirable to store only the parameters for those particular components involved in the simulation, and so this set of basic data is normally copied over from the permanent system parameters data bank into mn-time data locations. In typical flow-sheeting problems this involves the collection of particular parameters for 5 to 20 components from a data bank with extensive sets of data for up to several thousand components. 

Use of such a data system is easy, provided that the permanent system data bank has entries for the components of interest. Thus it is often important to the user that the data bank is extensive and not restricted to a small class of compounds. However, the number of chemical species is enormous and expanding at a rapid rate. Accordingly, for wide appHcation it is necessary that the physical property system embodies faciUties for the use of user-supphed data. 

Rubbers are exceptional in behaving reversibly, or almost reversibly, to high strains as we said, almost all materials, when strained by more than about 0.001 (0.1%), do something irreversible and most engineering materials deform plastically to change their shape permanently. If we load a piece of ductile metal (like copper), for example in tension, we get the following relationship between the load and the extension (Fig. 8.4). This can be... 

The permanent extension in length (measured by fitting the broken pieces together) expressed as a percentage of the original gauge length. 

The new Clean Air Act will result in a permanent 10 million ton reduction in sulfur dioxide (SOj) emissions from 1980 levels. To achieve this, EPA will allocate allowances of one ton of sulfur dioxide in two phases, The first phase, effective January 1, 1995, requires 110 powerplants to reduce their emissions to a level equivalent to the product of an emissions rate = (2,5 lbs of S02/mm Btu) x (the average mm Btu of their 1985-1987 fuel use). Plants that use certain control technologies to meet their Phase 1 reduction requirements may receive a two year extension of compliance until 1997. The new law also allows for a special allocation of 200,000 annual allowances per year each of the 5 years of Phase 1 to powerplants in Illinois, Indiana and Ohio. 

Combining these arguments with the observation that extensive Auger charging evidently leads to total and usually permanent molecular destruction, it can thus be concluded that molecule survival or reformation is observed to some extent when the initial species is a single atom... 

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