Solution-Type Liquid Explosives

Although the liquid explosives are multicomponent mixture systems, they have good component uniformity and density consistency. And the solution-type liquid explosive is an intermolecular mixed explosive with the uniformity of pure solution. Although another liquid explosive with suspended solid particles has not uniformity as the former does, it also has relatively good uniformity in components and density, and physical stability of the system. 

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In a pure solution-type liquid explosive, the miscibility of formulation components is the key factor stability of the sluny-type and paste-type liquid explosive system with suspended solid particles is the bottleneck of study. 

Neat solution-type liquid explosives are molecular mixture of all components with the best dispersion, mixing homogeneousness, and density consistency. Liquid explosives with suspended solid particles has the liquid primary explosive as the continuous media to form a sol-gel with the help of thickening agents, and their solid phase is suspended homogeneously in the system to form a mixture system. And the solid particles are surrounded by the liquid phase solution, and there are relatively ideal dispersion and uniformity of every component. Therefore, both of these two liquid explosive mixtures have sufficient explosion thermochemical reaction conditions, which makes almost aU chemical potentials of the explosive system can be released in the explosion reaction zone. And the calculation of liquid explosives with the dispersion of solid particles can be done according to the explosion property parameters of general explosive mixtures. 

The total consumption type of burner consists of three concentric tubes as shown in Fig. 21.5. The sample solution is carried by a fine capillary tube A directly into the flame. The fuel gas and the oxidant gas are carried along separate tubes so that they only mix at the tip of the burner. Since all the liquid sample which is aspirated by the capillary tube reaches the flame, it would appear that this type of burner should be more efficient that the pre-mix type of burner. However, the total consumption burner gives a flame of relatively short path length, and hence such burners are predominantly used for flame emission studies. This type of burner has the advantages that (1) it is simple to manufacture, (2) it allows a totally representative sample to reach the flame, and (3) it is free from explosion hazards arising from unbumt gas mixtures. Its disadvantages are that (1) the aspiration rate varies with different solvents, and (2) there is a tendency for incrustations to form at the tip of the burner which can lead to variations in the signal recorded. 

The paper discusses two types of reaction involving metal complexes, and it is postulated that each proceeds by an initial free-radical step. In reactions between metal carbonyls and N2O4—NO2 mixtures, the nature of the product depends upon the phase in which the reaction is carried out. In the liquid phase, where the predominant equilibrium is N204 N0+ + NO3-, metal nitrates or carbonyl nitrates are formed in the gas phase, where the equilibrium is N2O4 2NO2/ nitrites or their derivatives are produced. Reactions of Mn2(CO) o Fe(CO)5, Co2(CO)3, and Ni(CO)4 are discussed. Anhydrous metal nitrates in which the nitrate group is covalently bonded to the metal have enhanced reactivity. This is believed to result from the dissociation M—O—N02 M—O + NO2 This can explain the solution properties of beryllium nitrates, and the vigorous (even explosive) reaction of anhydrous copper nitrate with diethyl ether. 

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