Type A Explosive

Germany in mines, torpedoes, depth charges and Naval demolition containers Japan As type A explosive it was intended to be used in underwater ammunition to replace the type 97 explosive, TNT 60,... 

Bombs and Shells as replacement for Shimose (melting at high temp of 122.5°). Was also used for composite expls A (ko) or Type A (Explosive), described here as Otsu-B Type 2 (Explosive), described as B4 (Incendiary) E (Explosive) Type 98 (Explosive), described here as H2 Kongo Type 94M (Navy) and some other expl compns (Ref 1, p 32, Ref 5, p 377 and Vol 1 of Encycl, pp A450—451, under Anisole)... 

Akordit. Get name for Acardite A(ko) or Type A Explosive. A Japan expl similar to Ger Hexamit TNT(or TNAns) 60, HNDhA 24 A1 powder 16%. It was intended for use in torpedo warheads and depth charges to replace die Type 94 and Type 97 Explosives (See Japanese Type Explosives) Refs 1)R. A.Cooley et al, PBL Rept... 

Triphenylmethyl Azidodithiocarbonate A633-R 1,3,5-Triphenyl-trimethylenetriamine. See Anhydroformaldehydeaniiine A404-R Tungsten (or Wolfram) Carbide A82-R Type 91 Explosive (Japanese) A450-L Type A Explosive (Japanese). See A(ko) Explosive A119-L... 

Type A (Explosive) or A (ko). See Otsu-B Type K (Explosive). A series of expls based on mixtures of inorganic salts, developed during... 

This type of explosion is important in engines where detonation can vary from an incipient stage, often referred to as pinking, to a more severe condition known as knocking. ... 

Ammonia from coal gasification has been used for fertilizer production at Sasol since the beginning of operations in 1955. In 1964 a dedicated coal-based ammonia synthesis plant was brought on stream. This plant has now been deactivated, and is being replaced with a new faciUty with three times the production capacity. Nitric acid is produced by oxidation and is converted with additional ammonia into ammonium nitrate fertilizers. The products are marketed either as a Hquid or in a soHd form known as Limestone Ammonium Nitrate. Also, two types of explosives are produced from ammonium nitrate. The first is a mixture of fuel oil and porous ammonium nitrate granules. The second type is produced by emulsifying small droplets of ammonium nitrate solution in oil. 

Fig. 8. Microhardness profile across interfaces of two types of explosion clads that show widely divergent response resulting from the inherent cold-work hardening characteristics where Q represents the 3.2-mm type 304L stainless/28.6-mm, A 516-70 control (before cladding) ( ) = clad + flat ...

This type of explosive behaviour is not to be confused with explosions such as drat of gunpowder, where the explosion is caused by the extremely rapid expansion of the gases which are liberated by chemical reaction widr a large release of heat. 

Historically, this phenomenon was referred to as unconfined vapor cloud explosion, but, in general, the term unconfined is a misnomer. It is more accurate to call this type of explosion simply a vapor cloud explosion. ... 

Table 6.10 presents some damage effects. It may give the impression that damage is related only to a blast wave s peak overpressure, but this is not the case. For certain types of structures, impulse and dynamic pressure (wind force), rather than overpressure, determine the extent of damage. Table 6.10 was prepared for blast waves of nuclear explosions, and generally provides conservative predictions for other types of explosions. More information on the damage caused by blast waves can be found in Appendix B. 

Confined combustion explosions (gaseous or liquid) usually occur when a flammable vapor leaks into an enclosure and mixes witJi air to form a flarmnable mix-ture, whereupon this mix+ure contacts an ignition source tliat was present before the leak occurred. This type of explosion ctm tUso occur in storage taitks or sliips where tlie vapor space above tlie stored flanunable liquid (fuel) is in tlie cxplosivity range. In tliis case, an ignition source accidentally introduced will cause an explosion. 

Section 7.4 presented tlwee major types of explosion. Tliis section more closely examines plant-related explosions, focusing on causes, results, and damage potentials. The means for explosion protection and prevention arc the subject of a subsequent chapter. 

This particular type of explosion is less known and understood, but nevertheless is an important type for damage consideration. This is a type of pressure release explosion and there are several descriptions. 

Reference [40] presents a rather thorough review of the history and theoretical analysis of these types of explosions. 

Torpex, Sensitivity to S.A. Fire. Results of Comparative Trials with Various Types of Explosives Attacked by 20mm Projectiles , BritOrdnBoardProc 31986 (August 1945) 43) W.P. 

This type of explosion results from the release of a considerable quantity of flammable gas, or vapour, into the atmosphere, and its subsequent ignition. Such an explosion can cause extensive damage, such as occurred at Flixborough, HMSO (1975). Unconfined vapour explosions are discussed by Munday (1976) and Gugan (1979). 

The most complete set of statistics is that published in the United States of America, which showed a total consumption of industrial explosives in 1977 of 1 680 000 tonnes. Details of the types of explosives consumed and the industries using the products are given in Tables 1.2 and 1.3 respectively. 

Nitrocellulose is usually handled wet and containing approximately 30% of water. Under these conditions it can be considered as a nonexplosive material when the nitrogen content does not exceed 12-6%. More highly nitrated cellulose is known as guncotton and is explosive even when moderately wet. When dry, nitrocellulose of all types is an extremely sensitive and dangerous explosive. Dry nitrocellulose is required for use in certain types of explosives and is then prepared by slow drying of the wet material in a current of warm air. 

A type of explosive, not based on nitroglycerine or on TNT, which achieved popularity for a time and is still used in some countries, is the liquid oxygen explosive or LOX. This is made on the site of the blasting operations by immersing in liquid oxygen a pre-formed cartridge of absorbent charcoal. Charcoal saturated with a suitable proportion of... 

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