Energy coupling

All Active Transport Systems Are Energy-Coupling Devices... 

Waddell, T. G., et al., 1997. Optimization of glycolysis A new look at die efficiency of energy coupling. Biochemical Education 25 204-205. 

Peter Mitchell s chemiosmotic hypothesis revolutionized our thinking about the energy coupling that drives ATP synthesis by means of an electrochemical gradient. How much energy is stored in this electrochemical gradient For the transmembrane flow of protons across the inner membrane (from inside [matrix] to outside), we could write... 

Despite the limited information available, rather clear predictions can be made about the probable structure, location, and energy coupling of the amino acid transporters of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, by comparing them with better known systems in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 

Although the polarisation level is high, the polarisability is low, as subsequently is the energy coupling efficiency. If the dipole moment is low, the electrons in the cloud can move more easily and the coupling is more efficient. This results in stronger Raman bands, while due to the less pronounced molecular dipole little or no IR-activity can be observed. 

Some examples of cofactors are collected in Table 2 and include inorganic ions as iron(II), magnesium(II), calcium(II), zinc(II), etc compounds of high group transfer potential such as ATP and GPT involved in energy coupling with cells ... 

The nature and characteristics of the EM energy-coupling device are discussed in Sect. 14.2.3. 

DIFFERENT DRIVING FORCES AND MODES OF ENERGY COUPLING... 

With respect to the driving forces and the modes of energy coupling, transport processes can be divided in four major classes ... 

Kadner, R. J. (1990). Vitamin B12 transport in Escherichia coir, energy coupling between membranes, Mol. Microbiol., 4, 2027-2033. 

Tanford, C. (1983). Mechanism of free energy coupling in active transport, Ann. Rev. Biochem., 52, 379-409. 

S. F. Scarlata and C. A. Royer, Ligand-induced asymmetry as observed through fluorophore rotations and free energy couplings Application to neurophysin, Biochemistry 25, 4925 4929 (1986). 

Odom, J. M. and Peck, H. D. (1984) Hydrogenase, electron-transfer proteins, and energy coupling in the sulfate reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio. Ann. Rev. Microbiol., 38, 551. 

Odom JM, Peck HD Jr. 1981. Hydrogen cycling as a general mechanism for energy coupling in the sulfate-reducing bacteria, Desulfovibrio sp. FEMS Microbiol Lett 12 47-50. 

Kelly DP, Syrett PJ. 1966a. Energy coupling during sulphur oxidation by Thiobacillus sp. strain C. J Gen Microbiol 43 109-18. 

Peck HD. 1968. Energy-coupling mechanisms in chemolithotrophic bacteria. Ann Rev Microbiol 22 489-518. 

Mamar-Bachi, A. Cox, J.A. Quantitative analysis of the free energy coupling in the system calmodulin, calcium, smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase. Cdl Calcium 1987, 8, 473-482. 

D. C. Storm, D.R. Determination of the free-energy coupling for binding of calcium ion and troponin I to calmodulin. Biochemistry 1982, 21, 156-162. 

P. D. Boyer W. E. Kohibrenner (1981) in Energy Coupling in Photosynthesis (R. Selman S. Selman-Reiner, eds.) pp. 231-240, Elsevier Biomedical, Amsterdam. 

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