Explosion velocity

A mixture that bums well in a narrow tube may possibly reach an explosive velocity in a thicker column, so careful experiments should be done any time a diameter change is made. 

Confinement Influence on Detonation Velocity. See under Detonation (and Explosion), Velocity... 

We ate briefly describing here the procedures which were not discussed in Vols 1, 2 3 of Encycl. Some tests are given under individual items, such as "Detonation (and Explosion) by Influence" "Detonation (and Explosion), Pressure of" "Detonation (and Explosion), Temperature of" "Detonation (and Explosion), Velocity of", while others are listed under Refs at the end of this item on Experimental Procedures... 

The velocity of ideal deton is completely determined by the thermohydrodynamics of the explosive, with.the independent variables being the original density p of the expl and its chem compn, all quantities being calculable, at least in principle, thru the thermohydrodynamic theory and an apppropriate equation of state. For each given ideal explosive, velocity. is a function only of the original density, i.e., D=D(p ), but three fundamentally different types of D(p ) relations have been found in ideal deton. The most common is the linear D(p ) relation characteristic of solid C-H-N-0 expls at densities... 

Detonotion and Explosion Velocity in Gases. That gases can burn (like in Bunsen burner) has been known for a long time, but their property to detonate under certain conditions was discovered only in the last quarter of the... 

See under DETONATION AND EXPLOSION, Velocity of Detonation in Vol 4 of this Encycl... 

Although Berthelot concluded that the velocity of the explosion-wave is independent of the initial pressure of the gases, Dixon found that this is approximately true only after a certain minimum pressure— about 1 atmospheres—has been exceeded. In other cases the explosion velocity rises with the pressure. This is abundantly evident from the following data ... 

Excess of hydrogen, on the other hand, actually accelerates the explosion velocity unless present in too great a quantity. This is evident from the following data ... 

Despite the reason for the high combustion velocity being under debate, the high combustion velocity is in the range of explosive velocities, so the CuO/Al thermite may have application as a primary explosive. The more easily prepared, physically mixed CuO nanothermite has been patented for use in ammunition primers. Sensitivity data for the CuO /Al thermite is unavailable, but it is expected to be relatively high. High impact sensitivity may be the reason why there are no literature reports of its preparation by arrested reactive milling. 

Dynamite ranges in explosive velocity from 4,000 to 23,000 feet per second. The lower velocities arc used for moving earth and such and the higher velocities are used for their shattering effect on stone and steel. 

Explosive Velocity of stroke for 50% reactions (ft/sec) Standard deviation, u (ft/s)... 

Because the lead column in Table 3.3 was not be calibrated, some of the test data might be too large, but they still could be compared relatively. When the liquid explosive had 22.5 % of nitrobenzene, explosion velocity and strength were the most powerful when nitrobenzene was 20-25 % (oxygen balance was 6.68 to -3.9 %), its explosion velocity and strength were located within the high value area. 

F. 3.2 Explosion velocity of hydrazine nitrate-hydrazine mixture [3]... 

Figures 3.1 and 3.2 shows the relationship of oxygen balance with lead cast expansion value and explosion velocity of the hydrazine nitrate-hydrazine liquid explosive. It could be found that, when the oxygen balance of such explosive mixture was -2.4 % (including 10 % of hydrazine), explosion velocity was the maximum while, when the oxygen balance was -31.9 % (including 40 % of hydrazine), its power capability was the maximum.

Generally, influence of the aluminum powder added into explosive components on the explosion velocity is not significant. However, because aluminum powder... 

The calculated values and the measured values of several liquid explosives are listed in Table 3.14. The experimental data of explosion pressure are rarely reported and the measured data are related to experimental methods with significantly large error, therefore, only the explosion velocity data are listed in the table for comparison. 

Table 3.14 Comparison of experimental explosion velocities of several liquid explosives to their calculated values...

Table 3.15 Effects of amounts of nitromethane and silica on viscosity and explosion velocity of explosive...

Additives Amount (%) Viscosity (n) Btisance (mm) Explosion velocity (m/s) Strength (mL) Detonation transmission distance (cm)... 

At room temperature, the 8th detonator can detonate nitromethane, and the minimum shock energy to detonate nitromethane is 8-9 GPa. With the increase of temperature, explosion detonation sensitivity increases and the critical diameter decreases, but the explosion velocity is reduced, and the explosion velocity is 6,380 m/s at 4 °C, ko/AT = —3.964 0.18m/s°C. At 25 °C, the maximum stable explosion velocity of nitromethane is 6,320 m/s. 

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