Excess resistance factor

In a given moment after starting a higher flow velocity than the critical velocity, the measured resistance factor R , is always greater than the initial resistance factor Ri, at any location (Figure 5). The difference between the measured resistance factor and the initial resistance factor is called R, excess resistance factor. 

Applying the basic assumption that the excess resistance factor is proportional to the excess polymer retention ... 

The general form of the excess resistance factor distribution is given by Equation (11) ... 

The average excess polymer flow resistance factor between 0—1 distance can be expressed as follows ... 

Some bacteria including the common E. coli have on their plasmid (extranuclear gene) Hg-resistant factor. This gene, when faced with the presence of an excess level of mercury, produces an enzyme called mercury reductase. It reduces Hg(II) to metallic mercury Hg(0). Metallic mercury is not toxic and is somewhat volatile [remember that it is a liquid at room temperature]. Hence, the reduced mercury can diffuse out of the bacterial cell in the form of mercury vapor, and hence mercury is removed. 

When a battery produces current, the sites of current production are not uniformly distributed on the electrodes (45). The nonuniform current distribution lowers the expected performance from a battery system, and causes excessive heat evolution and low utilization of active materials. Two types of current distribution, primary and secondary, can be distinguished. The primary distribution is related to the current production based on the geometric surface area of the battery constmction. Secondary current distribution is related to current production sites inside the porous electrode itself. Most practical battery constmctions have nonuniform current distribution across the surface of the electrodes. This primary current distribution is governed by geometric factors such as height (or length) of the electrodes, the distance between the electrodes, the resistance of the anode and cathode stmctures by the resistance of the electrolyte and by the polarization resistance or hinderance of the electrode reaction processes. 

Sodium The FW sodium (Na) content is clearly a factor in the formation of sodium hydroxide in BW and an excess may promote various forms of caustic-induced corrosion. Also, high sodium levels may lead to the depassivation of steel surfaces caused by high pH generation, which reduces the corrosion resistance of boiler steel. 

Poor sleep architecture and fragmented sleep secondary to OSA can cause excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and neu-rocognitive deficits. These sequelae can affect quality of life and work performance and may be linked to occupational and motor vehicle accidents. OSA is also associated with systemic disease such as hypertension, heart failure, and stroke.21-23 OSA is likely an independent risk factor for the development of hypertension.24 Further, when hypertension is present, it is often resistant to antihypertensive therapy. Fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events are two- to threefold higher in male patients with severe OSA.25 OSA is associated with or aggravates biomarkers for cardiovascular disease, including C-reactive protein and leptin.26,27 Patients with sleep apnea often are obese and maybe predisposed to weight gain. Hence, obesity may further contribute to cardiovascular disease in this patient population. 

Hypercoagulable states include malignancy activated protein C resistance deficiency of protein C, protein S, or antithrombin factor VIII or XI excess antiphospholipid antibodies and other situations. Estrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators have been linked to venous thrombosis, perhaps due in part to increased serum clotting factor concentrations. Although a thrombus can form in any part of the venous circulation, the majority of thrombi begin in the lower extremities. Once formed, a venous... 

The most important factor in tissue death during ECT appears to be dehydration in the anode area and excess hydration (oedema) in the cathode area. This factor is reinforced by high acidity at the anode and excess alkalinity at the cathode. Hyperthermia would appear to be unimportant except perhaps towards the end of ECT experiment when the anode area is quite dry and thence of high electrical resistance and supports enhanced local heating.25... 

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