Example of Test Results

Examples of test result run in the author s laboratory are shown in Table 3.8. 

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Table 3.6 Example of test results of drop ball test...

Table 3.13 Example of test results of drop ball test for contacting mixture of potassium nitrate and red phosphorus and that of potassium chlorate and red phosphorus...

The example of test results is shown in Figure 3.8. Curves show relations between modulus of rupture and fibre content for two different matrices. Specimens were cut out of sheets 10-13 mm thick, and snbjected to bending. The slurry of water/plaster ratio between 0.4 and 0.6 was sprayed and reinforced with glass fibres 50 mm long, distributed by a chopper mounted on a spray gun the excess water was extracted by suction (Ali and Grimer 1969). 

Figure 10.37 Examples of test results for and dimensions of a notched beam subjected to bending, after Brandt and Prokopski (1990).

The reproducibility of test results between labs using the neutral salt spray tests has not been consistent, but the repeatability, within one lab, is better, and the test has value in comparing variations in coating systems. Correlation of hours of exposure in the salt spray test to actual performance of the plated part in service, even in marine atmospheres, is not consistent and usually avoided. A classic example is that cadmium deposits outlast zinc deposits on steel in salt spray tests and clean marine atmospheres, yet zinc outlasts cadmium when exposed to real, industrial atmospheres, because of the presence of sulfur-bearing corrodents in industrial environments. An important variable in salt spray testing is the position of the surface to be tested. Whereas the surface of test panels is specified to be 15—30° from the vertical (40), when salt spray testing chromated zinc-plated specimens, this range has appeared excessive (41). 

Figures 3-4 and 3-5 are examples of a typical manufacturer s report of test results.

Many experimenters have adopted the practice of feeding a preformed mixture of steam and water to their test sections, either out of interest in this type of system or else to avoid the power demanded by long channels. The CISE Laboratories in Italy have produced a considerable amount of data of this kind (S4), and a typical example of their results is shown in Fig. 13. The curves have a characteristic swan-neck shape similar to the Russian data for unstable flow conditions shown in Fig. 9, and the burn-out flux values are generally below those for normal steady-flow conditions. 

More sophisticated methods that actually measure volumetric water content can also be used, such as time domain reflectometry (TDR). In Figure 14, an example of TDR results is presented. Both the calculated and measured (i.e., TDR) volumetric water contents provide a similar picture of the profile water status by depth with time. Proper soil characterization data, such as those shown in Table 6, are necessary for these calculations and improve understanding of the test system. The determination of water-holding capacity (WHC) at 0.03 MPa field capacity (FC) and 1.5 MPa... 

Examples of their results [154] are shown in the set of curves in Fig. 13. At a given humidity, the Co concentration increases with T the thermal activation energy is about 0.4 eV. At a given temperature, the corrosion increases with an increase in humidity. As the humidity changes from 30 to 90%, the corrosion rate increases about an order of magnitude. The data allow a calculation of the acceleration factors for a variety of conditions. For example, the acceleration factor for 90°C/90% RH with respect to 30°C/40% RH is calculated to be 150. If the product passes a 2-week exposure to 90 °C/90% RH, the test indicates that it will survive in excess of 6 years at 30 °C/40% RH. The values of the acceleration factors, however, may vary from film to film. 

The above test-design and scale-up procedures have been applied to numerous long-distance systems (e.g., fly ash, pulverized coal) and have been found to provide good accuracy and reliability. Some examples of these results have been presented by Pan and Wypych (1992a) and Pan and Wypych (1994). The interested reader is referred to these papers for further details. The above procedures also have been used successfully to... 

The major category of nonconforming work is allocated for any failure of a system to comply with the requirements of the Standard which could lead to invalidity of test results. Examples include absence/non-implementation of a document control system, absence/non-implementation of a procedure for internal audit or management review, staff not technically competent to perform particular tests and failure to control the quality of test data. 

The mechanical strength of the carriers produced in lab scale (Fig. 8) was quantified in terms of attrition loss, side crush strength and drop test strength. An example of the results is given in Table 3 for carriers D and E prepared with... 

When the laboratory uses different methodologies or instruments, or performs testing at multiple testing sites, a system is to be in place that evaluates and verifies the comparability between these test results. For example, correlation studies must ensure that manual and automated methods of immunostaining within a laboratory are in agreement. This must be documented biannually. In addition, any reference laboratories utilized must be CLIA-88-certified, and the lab director must monitor the quality of test results received from these outside sources. A mechanism must be in place to evaluate immunohistochemical results that are inconsistent with clinicopathologic studies. This evaluation should be performed and recorded by a laboratory physician. 

Temperature has been used in conjunction with electrochemical control to quantify the resistance of materials to localized corrosion. Kearns (26) has reviewed the different critical temperature tests in some detail. Electrochemical critical temperature testing consists of holding a material exposed to a solution of interest potentiostatically at a potential in its passive region while increasing the temperature of the solution either intermittently (54) or continuously (55). An example of the results of the latter type of testing is shown in Fig. 48. In this... 

Close to the crossover temperature Tc, the solution of the idealized MCT equations can be expanded around the nonergodicity parameter fc at Tc and some generic laws can be derived. These leading-order results establish the so-called asymptotic laws of MCT, which can be regarded as generic features of the MCT dynamics at T > Tc. Because almost all experimental tests analyzed the susceptibility spectra in this frame, we are going to briefly summarize the laws [16,17,19]. Examples of tests against experiment are found in Section IV.E. 

An important ENTAM activity is communicating test results. Test reports offer a summary of test results and the possibility to compare them for the best choice of machines. In Italy, in the case of an orchard sprayer, for example, ENAMA publishes test reports which include technical data (main and auxiliary tank, pump, filters, flow rate adjustment, fan, nozzles, anti-drip devices etc.), description of the machine, test results, comments on the performances, best conditions of use and, also, road regulations (they are different in each country) and safety check. 

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