Evaporative Technologies

Minton, P.E. Handbook of Evaporation Technology (Noyes, New York, 1986). 

Billet, R. (1989) Evaporation Technology Principles, Applications, Economics (Wiley). 

On the basis of the development work undertaken by BP Chemicals in Hull and research performed at Chalmers University in Gotenborg, Sweden, and the USDA Forest Products Laboratory in Madison, Wisconsin, USA, a fibre acetylation pilot plant was commissioned in 2000 at Kvarntorp in Sweden. The plant has a capacity of 4000 tonnes of acetylated fibre per year (Simonson and Rowell, 2000). The process and plant are jointly owned by A-Cell Acetyl Cellulosics AB and GEA Evaporation Technology AB. A schematic of this process is shown in Eigure 8.5. 

Evaporative Technologies These TIC technologies cool the inlet air by vaporizing water in direct contact with the inlet air, using the latent heat of vaporization of water. These technologies either spray water directly into the airstream as a fog or mist or evaporate the water from fixed wetted media placed in the airstream. 

A variation on standard evaporation technology that is much less energy intensive is the mechanical vapor recompression vaporization process. This uses the same evaporation... 

Key environmental disadvantages regarding the use of evaporation technology in this application were identified, included disposal of the salt cake and substantially increased electrical consumption. With respect to disposal of the evaporated salts, the crystals formed would be readily soluble in water, and as a result, dissolve in any... 

Billet, R. VCH verlagsgesellschaft MbH. In Evaporation Technology—Principles, Applications, Economics Weinheim Germany, 1989. 

Krishna, R. Book review of evaporation technology— principles. Applications, Economics, by R. Billet. The Chemical Engineer 1989, (462), 53. 

Minton, P. E., Course Director Lecture Outline and Notes from Evaporation Technology, p. B-2, The Center for Professional Advancement, East Brunswick, New Jersey, (May 22-24, 1978)... 

Recent design sophistication in the area of preparative scale vacuum evaporation technology has introduced additional synthetic flexibility and greatly extended the range of application of vapor synthesis. These advances reflect changing requirements in the field of vapor synthesis, paired with a consciousness of the potential for contributions to new materials synthesis.(12) This chapter sketches these advances in terms of design fundamentals, principles of operation, reactant and product manipulation, quantification and synthetic strategies. 

Billet, R. Evaporation technology -principles apphcations economics, VCH Wein-... 

FIGURE 11.3-7 Bottom-driven mixed suspension crystallizers. Courtesy of Evaporator Technology Corp. 

ITigh-performance liquid chromatography (FIPLC) is routinely used for the compositional analysis of lipid classes, TAGs, and tocopherols. Flowever, there can be problems for the quantitative detection of lipids other than tocopherols because most lipids do not have a suitable chromaphore, and therefore cannot be detected spectrophotometrically. Evaporative technology such as nebulizing mass detectors and the quartz/flame ionization transport system has to be employed. 

In Sweden, a continuous process of acetylation has been recently developed. The pilot plant for wood fiber or particles acetylation of capacity 500 kg/h is jointly owned by A-Cell and GEA Evaporation Technology AB and located in Kvamtorp. 

J. E. Houston, Evaporator Technology Corporation, Personal Communication (1983). 

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