European Union chemicals program

The timeline for the European Union extensive program on assessing industrial chemicals is to end by 2019. 

European Union REACH Program, www.europa.eu.int/comm/environment/ chemicals/reach. htm... 

European Union REACH program, http //ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/reach/ reach intro.htm. 

These two aspects are also reflected in the visions developed on this issue in the United States in the so-called Vision 2020 program (see Appendix 1). One can see that all aspects of introducing step-by-step changes are mentioned. And in the European Union many current activities are based on the topic of process intensification, reflected, for example, in the European-Supported Research Projects (see Appendix 2). On the industrial side, a lot of effort is being given to the topic of process intensification the European Chemical Industry Council (CEFIC) has process intensification as one of its technology focus points in the so-called SUSTECH program (see Appendix 3). 

A disease model should be properly characterized by its phenotype, and enough background data should be available. This also applies for the more than 100,000 knockout mice that will become available over the next few years from large governmental programs (Canada, China, European Union, United States). In addition sufficient historical or reference data on the effects of chemical and biological compounds should be available. 

The ChemLeg program, in turn, focused on closer cooperation between policy makers, industry experts and national federations to facilitate the implementation of these standards. The main indicators of achievement were the enlargement of CEFIC with new full and associate CEFIC members representing nine of the ten Central and Eastern Europe states that subsequently joined the European Union the creation of an influential regional network of chemical industry and active involvement in European advocacy on the part of federations from Central and Eastern Europe (Doktor 2002). The political dynamics of trans-European industry mobilisation, organisation at the domestic and European level, and alliances with supranational and domestic policy elites and experts developed in full swing and in support of the horizontal diffusion of EU chemical safety policies and norms. 

Work in the author s laboratory has been supported in part by a grant from the European Union Sixth Framework Program FOOD-CT-2004-514055 (Detectox) and by a grant from the Direction des Sys-temes de forces et de la Prospective. E. Girard was supported by a fellowship from Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (TCSN-CNRS). The authors would like to thank Catherine Guil-lou (ICSN-CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette) for helpful discussions, and Benoit Fleury (Institut de Chimie Moleculaire et des Materiaux d Orsay, University of Paris-South, Orsay) for drawing the chemical stractnres of the present chapter. 

In addition, regulatory initiatives such as the European Union s Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals (REACH) program, Canada s Domestic Substances List, and the High Production Volume (HPV) chemical programs in the United States and Europe are key drivers for the... 

Finally, major FIPV chemical-related activities in Europe to utilize, or to monitor and learn from, include the development of the European Information System on Risks from chemicals released from consumer products/articles (EIS-ChemRisks). EIS-ChemRisks has been designed to be a European-wide expert and stakeholders network of networks to systematically exchange and assess information on risks from chemicals released from consumer products/articles. The overall objective is to develop tools and reference data to enable harmonized exposure assessment procedures in the European Union. These tools and reference data will support the development of a structured stakeholder dialog in the framework of the General Product Safety Directive (GPSD, 2001/ 95/EC) and progressively in the framework of the European Commission s REACH program as it is established and implemented. 

Epoxy coupling agent, 171 Epoxy resin, 83 Equistar Chemical, 166 Equistar HDPE, 500 Ethanox-330, 548, 549 Ethylene plastics, 67 Ethyl-vinyl acetate (EVA), 89 European Union Risk Assessment program, 471... 

BAF=bioaccumulation factor BCF=bioconcentration factor ECj =median effective concentration EU= European Union GHS=Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals IARC=lnternational Agency for Research on Cancer IC5 =mean inhibitory concentration LCj =median lethal concentration the concentration at which 50% of test animals died after exposure LD5 =median lethal dose the dose at which 50% of test animals died during exposure log Kow=log-octanol water partition coefficient NOEC=no observed effect concentration NTP=National Toxicology Program OSHA=Occupation Safety and Health Administration... 

Human Carcinogenicity Potential of a Chemical European Union Globally Harmonized System (GHS) International Agency for Research on Cancer (lARC) National Toxicology Program (NTP) US EPA revised in 2005... 

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