European Prospective Investigation of Cancer

Bingham, S.A. et ah, Nutritional methods in the European prospective investigation of cancer in Norfolk, Public Health Nutr., 4, 847, 2001. 

Grace PB, Taylor JI, Low YL, Luben RN, Mulligan AA, Botting NP, Dowsett M, Welch AA, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ, Day NE, Bingham SA. 2004. Phytoestrogen concentrations in serum and spot urine as biomarkers for dietary phytoestrogen intake and their relation to breast cancer risk in European prospective investigation of cancer and nutrition-Norfolk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 13 698-708. 

Khaw KT, Wareham N, Luben R, Bingham S, Oakes S, Welch A, et al. Glycated haemoglobin, diabetes, and mortality in men in Norfolk cohort of European prospective investigation of cancer and nutrition (EPIC-Norfolk). BMJ 2001 322 15-8. 

VERKASALO P K, APPLEBY P N, ALLEN N E, DAVEY G, ADLERCREUTZ H AND KEY T J (2001) Soya intake and plasma concentrations of daidzein and genistein validity of dietary assessment among eighty British women (Oxford arm of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition). 7 86 (3) 415-21. 

Al-Delaimy, W.K. et al., Plasma levels of six carotenoids in nine European countries report from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), Public Health Nutr., 1, 713, 2004. 

Zamora-Ros R, Andres-Lacueva C, Lamuela-Raventos RM, Berenguer T, Jakszyn P, Martinez C, Sanchez MJ, Navarro C, Chirlaque MD, Tormo MJ, Quiros JR, Amiano P, Dorronsoro M, Larranaga N, Barricarte A, Ardanaz E and Gonzalez CA. 2007. Concentrations of resveratrol and derivatives in foods and estimation of dietary intake in a Spanish population European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Spain cohort. Br J Nutr 100(1) 188-196. 

European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Large study (over 500,000 participants) designed to investigate relationship between diet, nutritional status, lifestyle, and environmental factors and incidence of cancer and other chronic diseases. Blood samples are banked for future analyses (IARC 2005). 

The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) is the largest study of diet and health in the EU, with over 520,000 participants in 10 European countries. The study, initiated in 1992, collects detailed information and diet and lifestyle factors in addition to blood samples, which are stored for future analyses. The study participants will be followed for the next 10 years to investigate the role of nutrition in the development of chronic disease (IARC 2005). 

Boekholdt SM, Kuivenhoven JA, Wareham NJ, Peters RJ, Jukema JW, Luben R, Bingham SA, Day NE, Kastelein JJ, Khaw KT. Plasma levels of cholesteryl ester transfer protein and the risk of future coronary artery disease in apparently healfliy men and women the prospective EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition)-Norfolk population study. Circulation 2004 110 1418-1423. 

As the largest study ever undertaken to study the relationships between dietary habits and disease states including cancer, The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition found a reverse correlation between fluid intake and bladder cancer frequency [30]. As expected, higher caloric intake was correlated with higher incidence of bladder cancer in men older than 60 [31]. Similar results were obtained with fruit and vegetable, green tea polyphenol, and vitamin supplement consumption, despite the fact that the results were sometimes unexpected for different cancer cases [32-34]. 

Jenab, M., Ferrari, P, Slimani, N., et al.. Association of nut and seed intake with colorectal cancer risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., 13, 1595-1603, 2004. 

Zamora-Ros, R. Fedirko, V. Trichopoulou, A. Gonzalez, C. A. Bamia, C. Trepo, E. Noethlings, U. et al., Dietary flavonoid, lignan and antioxidant capacity and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition study. International Journal of Cancer... 

Guallar-CastiUdn, P, F. Rodrfguez-Artalejo, N.S. Fomes, J.R. Banegas, P.A. Etxezarreta, E. Ardanaz, A. Barricarte et al. 2007. Intake of fried foods is associated with obesity in the cohort of Spanish adnlts from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 86 198-205. 

Dierkes, J., Weikert, C., Klipstein-Grobusch, K., Westphal, S., Luley, C., MOhlig, M., Spranger, J., and Boeing, H., 2007. Plasma pyridoxal-5-phos-phate and future risk of myocardial infarction in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Potsdam cohort. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 86 214-220. 

Forouhi, N. G., Ye, Z., Rickard, A. R, et al. 2012. Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and the risk of type 2 diabetes Results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-NorfoIk cohort and updated meta-analysis of prospective studies. Diabetologia, 55(8) 2173-82. 

Research has shown a correlation between saturated fat intake and cancer risk. A reeent prospeetive eohort study performed by the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer projeet fonnd no association between breast cancer and satnrated fat intake measnred by a food-frequency questionnaire, but when nsing a food diary, a daily intake of 35 g of saturated fat doubles the risk of breast cancer in comparison to women who had a daily intake of 10 g or less. A greater intake of satnrated fat may increase the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma and distal stomach cancCT. In addition, a meta-analysis of the association between dietary fat intake and breast cancer found significant summary relative risks for saturated fat. ... 

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