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Europe scientists

Reports of the new element spread through Europe. Scientists were fascinated by its physical properties. It was not only beautiful, but resistant to corrosion (rusting). Many people saw that it could be used in jewelry and art objects, as with gold and silver. Demand for the metal began to grow, leading to what was then called the Platinum Age in Spain. ... [Pg.432]

Approximately two thousand years ago, Arabian scientists developed methods for the distillation of petroleum, which were introduced into Europe by way of the Arabian incursions into Spain. Petroleum, used in China since it was encountered when drilling for salt, appears in documents of the third century. The Baku region of northern Persia was also reported by Marco Polo in 1271—1273 as having a commercial petroleum industry. [Pg.200]

COST has developed into one of the largest frameworks for research cooperation in Europe and is a valuable mechanism for coordinating national research activities in Europe. Today it has almost 200 actions and involves nearly 30,000 scientists from 32 European member countries and more than 50 participating institutions from 11 nonniember countries. [Pg.1547]

When Europe exploded into war in 1914, scientists largely abandoned their studies to go to the front. Marie Curie, with her daughter Irene, then 17 years old. organized medical units equipped with X-ray machinery. These were used to locate foreign metallic objects in wounded soldiers. Many of the wounds were to the head French soldiers came out of the trenches without head protection because their government had decided that helmets looked too German. In November of 1918, the Curies celebrated the end of World War I France was victorious, and Marie s beloved Poland was free again. [Pg.517]

Although herbs have been used for thousands of years, most of what we know has been from observation. Most herbs have not been scientifically studied for safety and efficacy (effectiveness). Much of what we know about herbal therapy has come from Europe particularly Germany. During the last several decades, European scientists have studied botanical plants in ways that seek to identify how they work at the cellular level, what chemicals are most effective, and adverse effects related to their use. Germany lias compiled information on 300 herbs and made recommendations for their use. [Pg.13]

To convert aluminum from the stuff of princes toys into recyclable kitchen foil required an inexpensive electrolytic reduction process. Two 22-year-old scientists, the American chemist Charles Hall and the French metal-lurgist Paul Heroult, discovered the same process independently in 1886. Both became famous as founders of the aluminum industry. Hall in the United States and Heroult in Europe. [Pg.1514]

Hancock died in Budapest, Hungary, in September 1993 while on official travel. He had served as Division Director since 1990, and since 1987 had provided direction either as Acting Division Director or Deputy Division Director. He guided the development of joint programs with the Division of Chemical and Thermal Systems in Electrochemical Synthesis and in Environmentally Benign Synthesis and Processing. Hancock recognized very early the opportunities for U.S. scientists in Eastern Europe... [Pg.10]

The NATO Science Programme offers support for collaboration in civil science between scientists of countries of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council. The types of scientific meeting generally supported are Advanced Study Institutes and Advanced Research Workshops, and the NATO Science Series collects together the results of these meetings. The meetings are co-organized by scientists from NATO countries and scientists from NATO s Partner countries—countries of the CIS and Central and Eastern Europe. [Pg.450]

In the first of a projected trilogy, Stephenson explores alchemy as one of the roots of mathematics and computers. With the ancestors of characters appearing in Cryptonomicon (Stephenson s previous novel), this literary adventure traverses Europe of the 1700s, with stops in the laboratories of some of the most famous scientists of the day, while in a separate timeline set one hundred years earlier, a drifter attempts to help a young woman exact revenge against her former captors... [Pg.711]

Despite his laboratory s outward calm, Carothers was poised on the brink of an almost superhuman outpouring of scientific achievement. Over the next three years, between 1929 and 1931, he would transform the chaos of organic polymer chemistry with a clarity of focus and definition. He would settle the argument between Staudinger and the rest of Europe s chemists. As a leading polymer scientist later commented, Carothers work was a volcanic eruption, the reverberations of which are still being felt. ... [Pg.127]

Dr. Ilia Iliev was from the generation of Bulgarian scientists who entered the professional life in the late 50s. Broth in by the excitement of the physics in the mid-twentieth century and the growth of the post-WWII Eastern Europe, Ilia Iliev changed fields and become one of the key developers of the metal-air systems at the Central Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. [Pg.109]

The early 1970 s saw the development of many new coal-based, synthetic-fuel, fluidized-bed processes which operated at high pressures. The scientists and engineers charged with designing these processes realized that there was a severe lack of information on how pressure (and also temperature) affected the operation of fluidized beds. Therefore, several studies to determine the effect of pressure on the operation of fluidized beds were commissioned. During the same period, other researchers in Japan, Europe, and the U.S. were also starting to conduct research to determine the effects that temperature and pressure have on fluidized systems. [Pg.112]

In Piotrkow, Szpilfogel had formed a company called "Wola" which began to sift the Polish earth. While the Farben scientists were still trying to conquer coal, water, and air as raw materials, Szpilfogel was making yeast, alcohols, and dextrose from potatoes. He became the first chemist in Europe with a dyestufFs-and-drugs business independent of the outside world. [Pg.115]


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