Europe collection

In Western economies such as the United States, Western Europe, Japan, and Canada the market is relatively stable while developing economies of Asia-Pacific, Eastern Europe, and Africa have growing markets for industrial enzymes. The United States and Europe collectively command a major share of the world industrial enzymes market, whereas Asia-Pacific had 8% compounded annual growth rate in 2008-2012. ... 

C.E. Harline (ed.) The Rhyme and Reason of Politics in Early Modern Europe. Collected Essays of Herbert H. Rowen. 1992 ISBN 0-7923-1527-8... 

PROPERTY CLAIM SERVICES (PCS), a company operating in the USA, or PERILS, a similar entity operating in Europe, collect loss data from the major insurance companies after a catastrophe and aggregate them into an overall loss estimate. Risk transfer solutions based on these market estimates tie particular recoveries to the overall loss reported by the insurance market. By removing the direct connection between recoveries and particular portfolio losses, moral hazard is greatly diminished. If the event created a large loss for the insurance industry as a whole, it seems intuitive that recoveries for a particular insurer should be somewhat proportional to the overall loss. Naturally, this type of index works best for large companies whose portfolios mimic the distribution of the entire industry. For companies that operate within an industry niche, these types of solutions need to be tailored somehow since they may involve too much basis risk, the potential difference between actual losses and recoveries. 

The main justification for diesel fuel desulfurization is related to particulate emissions which are subject to very strict rules. Part of the sulfur is transformed first into SO3, then into hydrated sulfuric acid on the filter designed to collect the particulates. Figure 5.21 gives an estimate of the variation of the particulate weights as a function of sulfur content of diesel fuel for heavy vehicles. The effect is greater when the test cycle contains more high temperature operating phases which favor the transformation of SO2 to SO3. This is particularly noticeable in the standard cycle used in Europe (ECE R49). 

Procedures for the collection of whole blood are similar throughout the world. An interval from at least 8 weeks (United States) to 12 weeks (United Kingdom) is required between a donation of 450 mL blood, which yields about 250 mL plasma. In some countries a smaller volume of blood is collected, eg, 350—400 mL in Italy, Greece, and Turkey and as Httie as 250 mL in some Asian countries (147). Regulations concerning plasmapheresis donations vary more widely across the world eg, up to 300 mL of plasma can be taken in Europe in contrast to 1000 mL in the United States, both on a weekly basis. Consequentiy, both the mode of donation and the country in which it is given can have a profound effect on plasma collection (Table 6). 

Oakmoss. Extracts of oakmoss are extensively used in perfumery to furnisli parts of the notes of the fougnre or chypre type. The first step in the preparation of an oakmoss extract is treatment of the Hchen Evemiaprunastri (L.) Ach., collected from oak trees mainly in southern and central Europe, with a hydrocarbon solvent to obtain a concrete. The concrete is then further processed by solvent extraction or distillation to more usable products, of which absolutes are the most versatile for perfumery use. A definitive analysis of oakmoss volatiles was performed in 1975 (52). The principal constituents of a Yugoslav oakmoss are shown in Table 15 (53). A number of phenoHc compounds are responsible for the total odor impression. Of these, methyl P-orcinol carboxylate is the most characteristic of oakmoss. 

To reduce or eliminate the scattering of cadmium in the environment, the disposal of nickel —cadmium batteries is under study. Already a large share of industrial batteries are being reclaimed for the value of their materials. Voluntary battery collection and reclaiming efforts are under way in both Europe and Japan. However the collection of small batteries is not without difficulties. Consideration is being given to deposit approaches to motivate battery returns for collection and reclamation. 

It is over three centuries since cinchona bark came into use in European medicine, and no other natural drug has had so much written about it. There are the stories, sometimes legendary, of its discovery by Europeans, vigorous early discussions of its therapeutic value, the destruction of the S. American cinchona trees to meet the demand for bark, the labours of botanical explorers in collecting seed for the formation of plantations, the establishment and development of these plantations in Ceylon, India and Java, the competition between them, the gradual emergence of Java as the world s most important source of supply of cinchona bark, and the development of the manufacture of quinine sulphate in Europe, the United States and the Tropics. ... 

It is worthwhile to note that, in the US, where the applicant will just be dealing with a single authority, there is no need to re-submit data that was previously submitted as part of an IN D application to conduct clinical trials. Instead, the applicant can cross-reference the IND file. This does not apply in Europe, because clinical trial applications will have been submitted to individual Competent Authorities, whereas marketing authorisation applications are usually submitted either centrally to the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) or collectively to a number of Competent Authorities. Thus, the files need to be self-supporting. 

The cost of treatment to process one tonne is difficult to define since it depends on many factors such as scale, location, scope, preparation stages, and economic parameters used. As a rough example, for a 25,000 tpa plant in Western Europe (1998 prices), BP estimated the investment to be 15 to 20 million. This would imply a gate fee of around 172 per tonne (some 250). For a 50,000 tpa plant the gate fee could be 100 per tonne (some 150).These figures are net, i.e., include product values but exclude collection and preparation. 

Subsequently, Porter (1981) expanded the survey by looking at specimens collected over a much larger part of the range of the species 23 sites in Europe, five in North America, and six in Asia. The majority of compounds identihed were again revealed as derivatives of apigenin, luteoUn, and chrysoeriol, with the major... 

Figures for the numbers of organic dairy cows in Europe (Foster Lampkin, 1999) indicated that in 1996 Great Britain still had only 3436 organic dairy cows, compared to Austria (87 068), Switzerland (32 504) and Denmark (21417). By 1999 Padel, et al. (2000) calculated that there were 45 million litres of organic milk produced in the UK. From 2000 to 2003 organic milk production in the UK increased by approximately 600%, and the total organic milk collected in 2003 was 293.4 million litres, of which 62% was sold as organic (Soil Association, 2003).

The NATO Science Programme offers support for collaboration in civil science between scientists of countries of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council. The types of scientific meeting generally supported are Advanced Study Institutes and Advanced Research Workshops, and the NATO Science Series collects together the results of these meetings. The meetings are co-organized by scientists from NATO countries and scientists from NATO s Partner countries—countries of the CIS and Central and Eastern Europe. 

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