Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene terpolymers

Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene terpolymers are resistant to stress cracking and chemical attack hy most compounds. Strong oxidizing acids, concentrated boiling sulfonic acids and organic bases (amines) attack ETFE and any chemical that affects PTFE, PFA, or FEP. 

Daikin Industries DuPont Fluoroproducts Note PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene CTFE, chlorotriflua oethylene EFEP, per-fluorinated copolymer of ethylene and propylene ETFE, copolymer of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene PFPE, perfluorinated polyether EClFE, copolymer of ethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene HIE, ter-polymer of hexafluoropropylene, tetrafluoroethylene, and ethylene MFA, copolymer of perfluoromethyMnylether and tetrafluoroethylene PEA, copolymer of perfluoropropylvinylether and tetrafluoroethylene FEP, fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer PVDF, poly(vinylidene fluoride) THV, terpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoroprqjylene, and vinyUdene fluoride PCTFE, poly(chlorotriflua oethylene). 

Acetal homopolymer Animal glue Calcium resinate 1-Decene, homopolymer, hydrogenated Glyceryl rosinate Hydrogenated rosin Methyl rosinate Pentaerythrityl rosinate Polyethylene, chlorosulfonated Polyphenylene ether Potassium rosinate Sodium rosinate Tall oil rosin Vinylidene chloride/methyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate copolymer food-contact articles, for repeated use Butadiene/acrylonitrile copolymer EPM rubber Epoxy, bisphenol A/epichlorohydrin Ethylene/propylene/dicyclopentadiene terpolymer Hexafluoropropylene/vinylidene fluoride copolymer Hexafluoropropylene/vinylidene fluoride/tetrafluoroethylene terpolymer Hydrogenated butadiene/acrylonitrile... 

Eleetronbeam = 5-EthyUdene 2-norbomene = Ethylene-propylene terpolymer = Ethylene-propylene rubber = Ethylene vinylaeetate eopolymer = Poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-perfluorpropylene)... 

The most important interpolymers (e.g., copolymers, terpolymer, etc.) are those made with tetrafluoroethylene (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene polymer, ETFE) and chlorotrifluoroethylene (ethylene chlorot-rifluoroethylene polymer, ECTFE). These two polymers are generally produced by suspension or emulsion polymerization methods. There is resemblance between the polymerization technology of ETFE and ECTFE. Indeed, some of the same patent art could be studied to learn about the technology. This section and the next one present the polymerization of ETFE (Sec. 5.7) and ECTFE (Sec. 5.8). 

Tetrafluoroethylene propylene copolymer. Ethylene propylene diene terpolymer. 

PVC, another widely used polymer for wire and cable insulation, crosslinks under irradiation in an inert atmosphere. When irradiated in air, scission predominates.To make cross-linking dominant, multifunctional monomers, such as trifunctional acrylates and methacrylates, must be added. Fluoropolymers, such as copol5miers of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), are widely used in wire and cable insulations. They are relatively easy to process and have excellent chemical and thermal resistance, but tend to creep, crack, and possess low mechanical stress at temperatures near their melting points. Radiation has been found to improve their mechanical properties and crack resistance. Ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) has also been used for wire and cable insulation. When blended with thermoplastic polyefins, such as low density polyethylene (LDPE), its processibility improves significantly. The typical addition of LDPE is 10%. Ethylene propylene copolymers and terpolymers with high PE content can be cross-linked by irradiation. ... 

The first free radical initiated copolymerization was described by Brubakerl) in a patent. A variety of peroxides and hydroperoxides, as well as, 02, were used as initiators. Olefins that were copolymerized with CO included ethylene, propylene, butadiene, CH2=CHX (X—Cl, OAc, CN) and tetrafluoroethylene. A similar procedure was also used to form terpolymers which incorporated CO, C2H4 and a second olefin such as propylene, isobutylene, butadiene, vinyl acetate, tetrafluoroethylene and diethyl maleate. In a subsequent paper, Brubaker 2), Coffman and Hoehn described in detail their procedure for the free radical initiated copolymerization of CO and C2H4. Di(tert-butyl)peroxide was the typical initiator. Combined gas pressures of up to 103 MPa (= 15,000 psi) and reaction temperatures of 120—165 °C were employed. Copolymers of molecular weight up to 8000 were obtained. The percentage of CO present in the C2H4—CO copolymer was dependent on several factors which included reaction temperature, pressure and composition of reaction mixture. Close to 50 mol % incorporation of CO in the copolymer may be achieved by using a monomer mixture that is >70 mol% CO. Other related procedures for the free radical... 

Note ETFE, copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene HTE, terpolymer of hexafluoropropyl-ene, tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene FEP, fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer PVDF, poly(vinylidene fluoride) THV, terpolymer of tetrafluorioethylene, hexafluoropro-pylene and vinylidene fluoride. 

Note HTE, terpolymer of hexafluoropropylene, tetrafluoroethylene, and ethylene THVP, 20306, THV, terpolymer of TEE, HEP, and VDE. Sources Dyneon Fluoroplastics, Product Comparison Guide, 99-0504-1501-1, Dyneon LLC, 2003 Dyneon Fluoroplastics, Product Comparison Guide, 5845HB 98-0504-1611-8, Dyneon LLC, 2007 (With permission). 

Copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene are highly crystalline and fragile at elevated temperatures and are modified by a third monomer. Production of ETFE terpolymers having improved high temperature mechanical (especially tensile) properties has been demonstrated. They comprise of 40-60 mol% ethylene, 40-60 mol% tetrafluoroethylene, and a small amount of a polymerizable vinyl termonomer, such as perfluoroisobutylene, perfluoropropyl vinyl ether, and hexafluoropropylene. 

There are a number of other polymers in this family including polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE), tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene/vi-nylidene fluoride terpolymers, and chlorotrifluo-roethylene/vinyl ether copolymers. 

Vinylidene Fluoride Hexafluoropropylene Tetrafluoro-ethylene Terpolymer Thermosetting elastomeric polymer of vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, and tetrafluoroethylene. Has good chemical and heat resistance and flexibility. Used in auto parts. 

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