Product Comparison

Brinell Tests of Steel Products Comparison Hardness Tester Practice Rockwell Test on Cemented Carbides Rockwell Test for Sintered Materials Knoop Test for Electrodeposited Coatings Webster Hardness Gauge Barcol Test of Aluminum Alloys... 

Source Estane thermoplastic polyurethane product comparison data (1985). 

Outcome health to AIDS product Comparison of health indicators (incidence, prevalence, fife expectancy, hfe years gained, QALYs etc.) and economic indicators (e.g. wealth, growth etc.)... 

Sol id Sol utions. The aqueous concentrations of trace elements in natural waters are frequently much lower than would be expected on the basis of equilibrium solubility calculations or of supply to the water from various sources. It is often assumed that adsorption of the element on mineral surfaces is the cause for the depleted aqueous concentration of the trace element (97). However, Sposito (Chapter 11) shows that the methods commonly used to distinguish between solubility or adsorption controls are conceptually flawed. One of the important problems illustrated in Chapter 11 is the evaluation of the state of saturation of natural waters with respect to solid phases. Generally, the conclusion that a trace element is undersaturated is based on a comparison of ion activity products with known pure solid phases that contain the trace element. If a solid phase is pure, then its activity is equal to one by thermodynamic convention. However, when a trace cation is coprecipitated with another cation, the activity of the solid phase end member containing the trace cation in the coprecipitate wil 1 be less than one. If the aqueous phase is at equil ibrium with the coprecipitate, then the ion activity product wi 1 1 be 1 ess than the sol ubi 1 ity constant of the pure sol id phase containing the trace element. This condition could then lead to the conclusion that a natural water was undersaturated with respect to the pure solid phase and that the aqueous concentration of the trace cation was controlled by adsorption on mineral surfaces. While this might be true, Sposito points out that the ion activity product comparison with the solubility product does not provide any conclusive evidence as to whether an adsorption or coprecipitation process controls the aqueous concentration. 

Eventually, even well-validated methods become dated and obsolete due to improvements in technology. When this occurs, development of a new method using the new technology should occur and start a new round of method-validation activities. Any change to the method should take into account the effect on the long-term data for the product. Comparison of the validation for the old and new procedures should verify that the change will provide some benefits before it is accepted. 

Reproductive effects in animals have included reduced implantation rate and prolonged estrus in rats and prolonged menstruation and decreased fertility in monkeys. In male rats and mice gestational or lactational exposure can adversely affect sperm morphology and production. Comparison of the reproductive histories of 200 women exposed to PCBs during the production of capacitors with the histories of controls showed only a slight relationship between estimated PCB levels in serum and decreased birth weight. ... 

Kinetics studies for design purposes. In this field, results of experimental studies are summarized in the form of an empirical kinetic expression. Empirical kinetic expressions are useful for design of chemical reactors, quality control in catalyst production, comparison of different brands of catalysts, studies of deactivation and of... 

Possible inter relationships of natural substances are important. Similarities of the low molecular weight alkane isomers from crude oil and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis product have been reported. A similar composition for high temperature coal carbonization has been found. The C4 to C7 alkane isomers from these sources can be calculated quantitatively with equations developed for Fischer-Tropsch products. A reversal of the concentrations of the monomethyl isomers from CG (2 Me > 3 Me) to C7 (3 Me > 2 Me) occurs in all three products comparisons at higher carbon numbers indicate some dissimilarities. Naphthene isomers for crude oil and high temperature coal carbonization also have similar compositions. Aliphatic hydrocarbons from low temperature coal processes are considerably different. The C1 isotopic composition of pure compounds from the various sources are being compared in order to provide information on their origin. 

Studies by this group have suggested (ref. 7) that an electronic interaction between a functionalized graphite support and small Pt or Ru particles enhances the selectivity of these metals towards the production of unsaturated alcohols, the desired product. Comparison with results for these metals on a carbon support demonstrated the significance of the support in this electronic effect. 

Source Dyneon LLC from Dyneon Fluorothermoplastics, Product Comparison Guide, Publ. 98-0504-1025-1 (CPI), Issued 4/00. With permission. 

Bonhaus DW, Bach C, DeSouza A, et al. The pharmacology and distribution of human 5-hydroxytryptamine2B (5-HT2B) receptor gene products comparison with 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors. Br J Pharmacol 1995 115 622-628. 

Table 1. Performance (total alkaloid production) comparison for each culture system... 

Information to support the transfer of these selectable markers is shown in Figure 17. Figure 17A shows the results of a paper electrophoresis separation of petunia calli which were selected on the basis of nopaline production. Comparison of the spots observed, after staining with phenanthrene quinone reagent, demonstrates that opines are being produced by these plant cells. 

Streptidine phosphate was incubated with dTDP-L-[U-14C]dihydro-streptose, obtained in situ from dTDP-D-[U-14C]glucose with a cell-free extract from S. griseus. Two new, positively charged, radioactive products were obtained which, upon hydrolysis, gave dihydrostreptose as the only radioactive product. Comparison with a synthetic sample of 0-a-L-dihydrostreptose-(l- 4)-streptidine (43, see Scheme 14) proved that one of the products was identical with this pseudodisaccharide, and the second product was identified as the corresponding 6-phosphate (44). It was concluded that the phospho-rylated product had been partially hydrolyzed during the incubation by streptomycin 6-phosphate phosphatase present in the cell-free extract. No transfer-products were formed in controls in which (a) denatured extract was used,(fe) streptidine phosphate was absent, or(c) streptidine was substituted for streptidine phosphate. 

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