Ethylene oxide mixture

A 62 35 3 ethyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate-acrylic acid copolymer latex was prepared by continuous addition of the monomer mixture over a 4-hour period at 80° (22). The emulsifier was a sodium lauryl ether sulfate-nonylphenol polyoxyethylene adduct (20 moles ethylene oxide) mixture, the initiator a potassium persulfate-sodium hydroxulfite mixture, and the buffer a sodium bicarbonate-potassium hydroxide mixture. The final latex of pH 6.5 contained 40% solids, and the Tg of the copolymer was 13°. 

The evacuation level and the volume of the books and cart in the chamber controlled the amount of ethylene oxide present in the chamber. The first series of tests was made when the air pressure in the chamber was reduced to a value of 15 in. Hg. At this pressure, a solenoid valve was opened to release the ethylene oxide mixture. Gas continued to enter until a pressure of 1 in. Hg was attained then the valve was shut. When the second and third series of experiments were conducted, evacuation... 

Schiewe B, Staudt-Bickel C, Vuin A and Wegner G (2001), Membrane-based gas separation of ethylene/ethylene oxide mixtures for product enrichment in microreactor technology , ChemPhysChem, 2,211-218. 

Fig. 4.9 Plot of experimentally observed melting temperatures as a function of composition for poly(ethylene oxide) mixture of molecular weight fractions M = 1500 A and 3000 . Dashed curve calculated according to Eq. (4.15).(67)...

Ethylene Oxide Mixture with not more than 12% Ethylene Oxide Dichlorvos 2783 55... 

ETHYLENE OXIDE MIXTURE wilh not more than 12% ETHYLENE OXIDE... 

Lu X-B, Feng X-J, He R (2002) Catalytic formatimi of ethylene carbonate from supercritical carbon dioxide/ethylene oxide mixture with tetradentale Schiff-base complexes as catalyst Appl Catal A 234 25-34... 

Lu, X.-B. Feng, X.-J. He, R. Catalytic Formation of Ethylene Carbonate from Supercritical Carbon Dioxide/Ethylene Oxide Mixture with Tetradentate Schiff-base Complexes as Catalyst. Appl. Catal. A Gen. 2002,234,25-33. 

The method has severe limitations for systems where gradients on near-atomic scale are important (as in the protein folding process or in bilayer membranes that contain only two molecules in a separated phase), but is extremely powerful for (co)polymer mixtures and solutions [147, 148, 149]. As an example Fig. 6 gives a snapshot in the process of self-organisation of a polypropylene oxide-ethylene oxide copolymer PL64 in aqueous solution on its way from a completely homogeneous initial distribution to a hexagonal structure. 

Prepare a Grignard reagent from 24 -5 g. of magnesium turnings, 179 g. (157 ml.) of n-heptyl bromide (Section 111,37), and 300 ml. of di-n-butyl ether (1). Cool the solution to 0° and, with vigorous stirring, add an excess of ethylene oxide. Maintain the temperature at 0° for 1 hour after the ethylene oxide has been introduced, then allow the temperature to rise to 40° and maintain the mixture at this temperature for 1 hour. Finally heat the mixture on a water bath for 2 hours. Decompose the addition product and isolate the alcohol according to the procedure for n-hexyl alcohol (Section 111,18) the addition of benzene is unnecessary. Collect the n-nonyl alcohol at 95-100°/12 mm. The yield is 95 g. 

The salt gradually dissolved. After an additional 30 min (at -60°C) the solution was cooled to -75°C and 19 ml of dry, pure HMPT and 0.4 mol (large excess) of ethylene oxide (cooled below 0°C) were added successively in 1-2 min. The temperature of the mixture was held at -60°C for 2 h, and was then allowed to rise gradually in 2 h to 0°C. Ice-water (200 ml) was added (with stirring) and, after Separation of the layers, five extractions with diethyl ether were carried out. 

A solution of a-lithiomethoxyallene was prepared from nethoxyal lene and 0.20 mol of ethyllithiurn (note 1) in about 200 ml of diethyl ether (see Chapter II, Exp. 15). The solution was cooled to -50°C and 0.20 mol of ethylene oxide was added immediately. The cooling bath was removed temporarily and the temperature was allowed to rise to -15 c and was kept at this level for 2.5 h. The mixture was then poured into 200 ml of saturated ammonium chloride solution, to which a few millilitres of aqueous ammonia had been added (note 2). After shaking the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted six times with small portions of diethyl ether. The combined ethereal solutions were dried over sodium sulfate and subsequently concentrated in a water-pump vacuum. Distillation of the... 

Note I. A solution of 1-1ithiomethoxyal1ene, prepared from methoxyallene and BuLi-hexane-THF, did not react with ethylene oxide below 20°C. The reaction started at about 30°C, but the reaction mixture became very dark. 

Nonreactive additive flame retardants dominate the flexible urethane foam field. However, auto seating appHcations exist, particularly in Europe, for a reactive polyol for flexible foams, Hoechst-Celanese ExoHt 413, a polyol mixture containing 13% P and 19.5% Cl. The patent beHeved to describe it (114) shows a reaction of ethylene oxide and a prereacted product of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate and polyphosphoric acid. An advantage of the reactive flame retardant is avoidance of windshield fogging, which can be caused by vapors from the more volatile additive flame retardants. 

Resorcinol carboxylation with carbon dioxide leads to a mixture of 2,4-dihydroxyben2oic acid [89-86-1] (26) and 2,6-dihydroxyben2oic acid [303-07-1] (27) (116). The condensation of resorcinol with chloroform under basic conditions, in the presence of cyclodextrins, leads exclusively to 2,4-dihydroxyben2aldehyde [95-01-2] (28) (117). Finally, the synthesis of l,3-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)ben2ene [102-40-9] (29) has been described with ethylene glycol carbonate in basic medium (118), in the presence of phosphines (119). Ethylene oxide, instead of ethyl glycol carbonate, can also be used (120). 

These association reactions can be controlled. Acetone or acetonylacetone added to the solution of the polymeric electron acceptor prevents insolubilization, which takes place immediately upon the removal of the ketone. A second method of insolubiUzation control consists of blocking the carboxyl groups with inorganic cations, ie, the formation of the sodium or ammonium salt of poly(acryhc acid). Mixtures of poly(ethylene oxide) solutions with solutions of such salts can be precipitated by acidification. 

The critical parameters of ethylene oxide steriliza tion are temperature, time, gas concentration, and relative humidity. The critical role of humidity has been demonstrated by a number of studies (11,18,19). Temperature, time, and gas concentration requirements are dependent not only on the bioburden, but also on the type of hardware and gas mixture used. If cycle development is not possible, as in the case of hospital steriliza tion, the manufacturer s recommendations should be followed. 

Commercial alkylphenol ethoxylates are almost always produced by base-cataly2ed ethoxylation of alkylphenols. Because phenols are more strongly acidic than alcohols, reaction with ethylene oxide to form the monoadduct is faster. The product, therefore, does not contain unreacted phenol. Thus, the distribution of individual ethoxylates in the commercial mixture is narrower, and alkylphenol ethoxylates are more soluble in water. 

A series of sorbitol-based nonionic surfactants are used ia foods as water-ia-oil emulsifiers and defoamers. They are produced by reaction of fatty acids with sorbitol. During reaction, cycHc dehydration as well as esterification (primary hydroxyl group) occurs so that the hydrophilic portion is not only sorbitol but also its mono- and dianhydride. The product known as sorbitan monostearate [1338-41 -6] for example, is a mixture of partial stearic and palmitic acid esters (sorbitan monopalmitate [26266-57-9]) of sorbitol, 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol [154-58-8] 1,4-sorbitan [27299-12-3] and isosorbide [652-67-5]. Sorbitan esters, such as the foregoing and also sorbitan monolaurate [1338-39-2] and sorbitan monooleate [1338-43-8], can be further modified by reaction with ethylene oxide to produce ethoxylated sorbitan esters, also nonionic detergents FDA approved for food use. 

MethylceUulose is made by reaction of alkaU ceUulose with methyl chloride until the DS reaches 1.1—2.2. HydroxypropyhnethylceUulose [9004-65-3], the most common of this family of products, is made by using propylene oxide in addition to methyl chloride in the reaction MS values of the hydroxypropyl group in commercial products are 0.02—0.3. Use of 1,2-butylene oxide in the alkylation reaction mixture gives hydroxybutyhnethylceUulose [9041-56-9, 37228-15-2] (MS 0.04—0.11). HydroxyethyhnethylceUulose [903242-2] is made with ethylene oxide in the reaction mixture. 

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