Ethylene chloride

Carbon tetrachloride Ethylene chloride. Trichloroethylene. Propylene chloride. Ethylene chlorobromide 1 1 2-Trichloroethane Trimethylene chloride Tetrachloroethylene Trimethylene chlorobromide sym. Tetrachloroethane 1 4 Dichlorobutane 1 2 3-Trichloropropane Pentachloroothane. ... 

Prepare a saturated solution of sodium sulphide, preferably from the fused technical sodium polysulphide, and saturate it with sulphur the sulphur content should approximate to that of sodium tetrasulphide. To 50 ml. of the saturated sodium tetrasulphide solution contained in a 500 ml. round-bottomed flask provided with a reflux condenser, add 12 -5 ml. of ethylene dichloride, followed by 1 g. of magnesium oxide to act as catalyst. Heat the mixture until the ethylene dichloride commences to reflux and remove the flame. An exothermic reaction sets in and small particles of Thiokol are formed at the interface between the tetrasulphide solution and the ethylene chloride these float to the surface, agglomerate, and then sink to the bottom of the flask. Decant the hquid, and wash the sohd several times with water. Remove the Thiokol with forceps or tongs and test its rubber-like properties (stretching, etc.). 

Attempts to obtain thiazolynes by treating 5-aminothiazoles with isoamyl nitrite in ethylene chloride were unsuccessful (334). 

Ben2onitri1e [100-47-0] C H CN, is a colorless Hquid with a characteristic almondlike odor. Its physical properties are Hsted in Table 10. It is miscible with acetone, ben2ene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethylene chloride, and other common organic solvents but is immiscible with water at ambient temperatures and soluble to ca 1 wt% at 100°C. It distills at atmospheric pressure without decomposition, but slowly discolors in the presence of light. 

Dichloroethane [107-06-2] ethylene chloride, ethylene dichloride, CH2CICH2CI, is a colorless, volatile Hquid with a pleasant odor, stable at ordinary temperatures. It is miscible with other chlorinated solvents and soluble in common organic solvents as well as having high solvency for fats, greases, and waxes. It is most commonly used in the production of vinyl chloride monomer. 

The cooled mixture is transferred to a 3-1. separatory funnel, and the ethylene dichloride layer is removed. The aqueous phase is extracted three times with a total of about 500 ml. of ether. The ether and ethylene chloride solutions are combined and washed with three 100-ml. portions of saturated aqueous sodium carbonate solution, which is added cautiously at first to avoid too rapid evolution of carbon dioxide. The non-aqueous solution is then dried over anhydrous sodium carbonate, the solvents are distilled, and the remaining liquid is transferred to a Claisen flask and distilled from an oil bath under reduced pressure (Note 5). The aldehyde boils at 78° at 2 mm. there is very little fore-run and very little residue. The yield of crude 2-pyrrolealdehyde is 85-90 g. (89-95%), as an almost water-white liquid which soon crystallizes. A sample dried on a clay plate melts at 35 0°. The crude product is purified by dissolving in boiling petroleum ether (b.p. 40-60°), in the ratio of 1 g. of crude 2-pyrrolealdehyde to 25 ml. of solvent, and cooling the solution slowly to room temperature, followed by refrigeration for a few hours. The pure aldehyde is obtained from the crude in approximately 85% recovery. The over-all yield from pyrrole is 78-79% of pure 2-pyrrolealdehyde, m.p. 44 5°. 

A good commercial grade of ethylene chloride, b.p. 83-84°, was used. It is dried by distilling a portion. 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Brocide 1,2-Dichlorethane Dutch liquid EDC Ethylene chloride Glycol dichloride Chemical Formula ClCHjCHjCl. 

Organic chemicals made directly from chlorine include derivatives of methane methyl chloride, methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene ortho- and para-dichlorobenzenes ethyl chloride, and ethylene chloride. 

The ionization eonstant should be a function of the intrinsic heterolytic ability (e.g., intrinsic acidity if the solute is an acid HX) and the ionizing power of the solvents, whereas the dissoeiation constant should be primarily determined by the dissociating power of the solvent. Therefore, Ad is expeeted to be under the eontrol of e, the dieleetrie eonstant. As a consequenee, ion pairs are not deteetable in high-e solvents like water, which is why the terms ionization constant and dissociation constant are often used interchangeably. In low-e solvents, however, dissociation constants are very small and ion pairs (and higher aggregates) become important species. For example, in ethylene chloride (e = 10.23), the dissociation constants of substituted phenyltrimethylammonium perchlorate salts are of the order 10 . Overall dissociation constants, expressed as pArx = — log Arx, for some substanees in aeetie acid (e = 6.19) are perchloric acid, 4.87 sulfuric acid, 7.24 sodium acetate, 6.68 sodium perchlorate, 5.48. Aeid-base equilibria in aeetie acid have been earefully studied beeause of the analytical importance of this solvent in titrimetry. 

The Nenitzescu process is presumed to involve an internal oxidation-reduction sequence. Since electron transfer processes, characterized by deep burgundy colored reaction mixtures, may be an important mechanistic aspect, the outcome should be sensitive to the reaction medium. Many solvents have been employed in the Nenitzescu reaction including acetone, methanol, ethanol, benzene, methylene chloride, chloroform, and ethylene chloride however, acetic acid and nitromethane are the most effective solvents for the process. The utility of acetic acid is likely the result of its ability to isomerize the olefinic intermediate (9) to the isomeric (10) capable of providing 5-hydroxyindole derivatives. The reaction of benzoquinone 4 with ethyl 3-aminocinnamate 35 illustrates this effect. ... 

Treatment of Decalin with acetyl chloride and aluminum chloride in ethylene chloride as solvent gives a complex mixture of products as shown (15). By variation of the reaction parameters, however, it is possible to maximize the yield of the remarkable reaction product, 10 j3-vinyl-/m j-Decalin l/8,r oxide (5). This vinyl ether undoubtedly... 

The crude product (or the commercially available material) may be recrystallized from ethylene chloride giving colorless needles, mp 246-247° (dec) (//). 

Chlor-ather, m. chloric ether (old name for ethylene chloride), -athyl, n, ethyl chloride, chloroethane, -Mthylen, n, ethylene chloride, -Mthyliden, n. ethylidene chloride. 

Hollander, m. Paper, etc.) hollander, en ne. holllndem, v.t. beat in a hollander. HoUanderweiss, n. Dutch white. hoUUndisch, a. Dutch. — hollandisches Ge-schirr, (Paper) hollander. — holllndisches dl, hoUandische FlUssigkeit, ethylene chloride. 

Then, as described in U.S. Patent 2,55416, the 2-acetylamido-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole is converted to the sulfonyl chloride by passing chlorine gas into a cooled (5°-10°C) solution in 33% acetic acid (66 parts to 4 parts of mercapto compound) used as a reaction medium. Chlorine treatment is continued for two hours. The crude product can be dried and purified by recrystallization from ethylene chloride. The pure compound is a white crystalline solid, MP l94°C,with decomposition, when heated rapidly. The crude damp sulfonyl chloride is converted to the sulfonamide by addition to a large excess of liquid ammonia. The product is purified by recrystallization from water. The pure compound is a white, crystalline solid, MP 259°C, with decomposition. The yield of sulfonamide was 85% of theory based on mercapto compound. 

The 0 -(p-nltrophenyl)-a-ethyl-glutarimide starting material can be prepared as follows 217 g of 0 -phenyl-a-ethyl-glutarimlde are dissolved in 800 g of concentrated sulfuric acid with subsequent cooling to about -10°C and nitration Is carried out at -10°to -f10°C by slow addition of a mixed acid consisting of 110 g of concentrated suifuric acid and 110 g of 63% nitric acid. The nitration solution is stirred into ice, the separated nitro compound taken up in methylene or ethylene chloride, the solution washed with water and sodium carbonate solution until... 

After the addition of 75 parts by volume of methanol and 150 parts by volume of acetic acid of 15% strength with adequate mixing, the solution is extracted with 2 portions each of 100 parts by volume of hexane. The combined hexane extracts are extracted with 15 parts by volume of acetic acid of 15% strength. The latter extract is added to the above acetic acid phase which is then extracted with 3 portions each of 75 parts by volume and 1 portion of 50 parts by volume of ethylene chloride. 

The first three extracts are combined and washed with 60 parts by volume of 2 N sodium carbonate solution and then with 60 parts by volume of distilled water. These washing solutions are saved and used for the yvashing of the 4th and final ethylene chloride extract. The combined ethylene chloride extracts are dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated in vacuo to a constant weight of a tan, frothy solid. One part by weight of this residue is dissolved in 1.5 parts by volume of warm methanol and the solution cooled to 5°C for 18 hours, whereby crystallization of a mixture containing principally reserpine sets in. After filtering this mixture and yvashing it with cool methanol, the filtrate is freed of Solvent in vacuo. 

A mixture of 12.6 g of benzoyl chloride in 100 cc of ethylene chloride is added dropwise to a suspension of 25.6 g of 3room temperature while stirring. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for a further 14 hours, 200 cc of water are added, the organic phase is separated and concentrated to an oil in a vacuum. Upon adding ether/dimethoxy ethane to this oil, crude 6-ben zoy I-3absolute ethanol with the addition of a small amount of coal, the compound has a melting point of 125°C to 127°C (decomp.). Displacement of the halogen with hydrazine leads to the formation of endralazine. 

A mixture of 1.1 g of 2-amino-1-(4-methylmercaptophenyl)-1,3-propanediol, obtained as described above and 1.6 ml of ethyl dichloroacetate was heated on a steam bath for three hours. The resulting viscous yellow oil was dissolved in 25 ml of ethylene chloride and filtered hot with charcoal, and the filtrate was allowed to cool to about 25°C. From the filtrate there separated 0,92 g of tiny white leaflets which were collected on a filter. Recrystallization of this product, which was a dextro-rotary form of 2-dichloroacetylamino-1-(4-methylmercapto-phenyl)-1,3-propanediol from nitroethane yielded the pure product, which melted at 111.6°C to 112.6°C,... 

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