Ethyl-succinimide

L-Theanine is the most abundant amino acid in tea flush. Volatiles produced by pyrolysis at 180°C of (A) L-theanine, (B) (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and (C) a mixture of (A) and (B) were examined. The procedure was the same as that reported earlier for the pyrolysis of 8-carotene. The results of the GC-MS analysis are shown in Figure 4. From L-theanine alone, a large amount of N-ethyl-formamide was formed, along with ethyl amine, propyl amine, 2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-succinimide and l-ethyl-3,4-dehydro-pyrrol idone. 

Amidines 9 with an appropriate ortho-carbonyl substituent, which are obtained from the respective ortho-carbonyl aniline derivatives and 0-ethyl succinimide (5-ethoxy-4,5-dihydro-3//-pyrrol-2-one), are cyclized with sodium in alcohol to quinazolin-4(3// )-ones 10a and quinazolines 10b with a 2-[(alkoxycarbonyl)ethyl] substituent at C2. The reaction can also be carried out starting from anthranilates or 2-aminophenyl ketones as a simple one-pot synthesis. ... 

The 2-substituted quinazolines 242 and 243 were obtained from 0-ethyl-succinimide and the anilines 238 via the pyrrolo[2,1 -6]quinazolines 240 and 241. The tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1 -6]quinazoline-1,9-dione 241 was isolated as a by-product from the reaction mixture of243 and was also prepared from 239 (R = OMe) by heating at 142 C. 

O-Ethyl-succinimid wird von Natriuratetrahydroborat ebenfalls bis zur N,0-Acetal-Stufe reduziert. Die weitere Hydrolyse zum Aldehyd gelang jedoch nicht285 ... 

Nitrogen-containing species include triphenols where the stabilising moieties are attached to an isocyanurate ring, e.g., Irganox 3114 and 1790 [48] and other hindered phenol-substituted N-heterocyales such as N-2-(3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyloxy)ethyl succinimide [49]. 

A soln. of N-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]succinimide in 9 1 ethanol-water treated portionwise at 0-5 with NaBH4 while 6 N HCl is added dropwise to keep the pH at 8-10, and the product isolated after 4 hrs. -> amidomethylol ether (Y 82%) refluxed 2 hrs. under N2 in benzene with anhydrous p-toluene-sulfonic acid product (Y 73%). F. e. s. J.C. Hubert et al., Synth. Commun. i, 103 (1971). 

Dissolve 22-8 g. of ethyl crotonate in 40 ml. of dry carbon tetrachloride and add 35 6 g. of. V-bromosuccinimide. Heat the mixture under reflux for three hours. Cool to o and filter off the succinimide which is insoluble in cold carbon tetrachloride. Now shake the filtrate with water in a separating funnel, separate and dry the carbon tetrachloride layer with sodium sulphate. Filter through a fluted filter-paper into a Claisen flask and distil... 

Formal oxidation of pyrrolidine to the succinimide stage affords a series of compounds used as anticonvulsant agents for treatment of seizures in petit mal epilepsy. Knoevnagel condensation of benzaldehyde with ethyl cyanoacetate affords the unsaturated ester, 9. Conjugate addition of cyanide ion leads to the di-nitrile ester (10). Hydrolysis in mineral acid affords the succinic acid (11), presumably by decarboxylation of the intermediate tricarboxyllie acid. Lactamization with methylamine gives phensuximide (12). ... 

The precipitate is collected on filter paper (Note 7) in a Buchner funnel by vacuum filtration and is washed with 100 ml. of absolute ethanol. The solid is slurried in three 75-ml. portions of distilled water (Note 8), 100 ml. of absolute ethanol, two 100-ml. portions of reagent-grade acetone, and two 100-ml. portions of anhydrous ethyl ether. The filter cake is pressed dry in the funnel with suction by means of a piece of rubber dam, transferred to a tared, 500-ml., round-bottomed flask, and dried under reduced pressure (0.01 mm.) at room temperature for 24 hours (Note 9). The weight of the dry silver salt of succinimide is 51-54 g. (88-94%). 

Succinimide (9.9 g, 100 mmol), ethyl cyanoacetate (21.28 mb, 200 mmol), HMDS 2 (42.2 mb, 200 mmol), and (NH4)2S04 (0.7 g, 5 mmol) are heated for 34 h under reflux with magnetic stirring. After cooling the colored residue is chromatographed on a silica gel column (25 cm X 6 cm i.d.) with hexane-ethyl acetate (1 1) as mobile phase. The first fractions contain ca 3% pure bis-product 382,... 

PGIP, purified fi om P.vulgaris hypocotyls [11], was immobilized to the sensor ch via amine coupling. A continuous flow of HBS buffer (5 pl/min) was mantained over the sensor surface. The carboxylated dextran matrix of the sensor surface was first activated by a 6-min injection of a mixture of N-hydroxy-succinimide and N-ethyl-N - (3-diethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide, followed by a 7-min injection of PGIP (lOng/pl in 10 mM acetate, pH 5.0). Hie immobilization procedure was con leted by a 7-min injection of 1 M ethanolamine hydrochloride to block the remaining ester groups. 

A-(benzyloxycarbonyloxy)succinimide (CBz-OSu, 12.3 g) sodium hydrogen carbonate distilled water ethyl acetate... 

The first report of the preparation of the dialkyl succinimide (29-3) dates back to early in the twentieth cenmry. It is consequently surprising to note that it was introduced as an anticonvulsant, under the name ethosuximide, well after its more recently synthesized congeners. The synthetic route starting from methyl ethyl ketone generally follows that above with the exception of the use of ammonia in the last step. The compound thus differs as well by possessing a somewhat acidic imide proton [30]. 

Ethosuximide is the last antiseizure drug to be marketed whose origin is in the cyclic ureide structure. The three antiseizure succinimides marketed in the USA are ethosuximide, phensuximide, and methsuximide. Methsuximide and phensuximide have phenyl substituents, whereas ethosuximide is 2-ethyl-2-methylsuccinimide. 

In 1996, a group from Sandoz (now part of Novartis) reported their synthesis of fexofenadine (3). Cbz protection of commercially available ethyl piperidine-4-carboxylate (34) was achieved using Af-(benzyloxycarbonyloxy)succinimide to afford 35. Treatment of 35 with three equivalents phenyl magnesium bromide led to tertiary alcohol... 

C.S. Liu, C.A. Migdal, N.R. Crawford, and R.I. Yamamota, Polyisobutylene succinimide and ethylene-propylene succinimide synergistic additives for lubricating oils compositions, US Patent 6117 825, assigned to Ethyl Corporation (Richmond, VA), September 12, 2000. 

C.K. Esche, Jr., C.A. Migdal, J.R. Sanderson, and A.L. Ippolito, Polyisobutylene succinimide, ethylene-propylene succinimide and an alkylated phenothiazine additive for lubricating oil compositions, US Patent 5 614124, assigned to Ethyl Additives Corporation (Richmond, VA), March 25,1997. 

Maleimido groups are introduced into AChE by reaction of their primary amino groups with the jV-hydroxy-succinimide moiety of SMCC m neutral medium. This reaction is very similar to that used for incorporation of biotin molecules into proteins Prior to this reaction, the enzyme is treated with / /-ethyl maleimide in order to block any thiol groups. Finally, SMCC-AChE is purified by molecular sieve chromatography on a Biogel A 1.5 m column. 

Some reductases isolated from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) were found to exhibit excellent enantioselectivities on the reduction of a number of a,/i-unsaturated compounds [140,141]. For example, reductase p44 catalyzed the asymmetric reduction of A-phenyl-2-methylmaleimide. yielding the enantiopure (7 )-succinimide. Reductase p90 mediated the enantioselective hydrogenation of a number of methyl or ethyl substituted cyclopentenones and cyclohexanones (Fig. 20). 

Ethoxypyrrolin-5-one (12) was first prepared in 1891 by Comstock and Wheeler by O-alkylation of the silver salt of succinimide with ethyl iodide15). We have prepared 12 and various derivatives of 12 using their procedure or a modified version... 

To a flask were added ethyl p-toluate (6 mmol), NBS (7.2 mmol), and AIBN (0.6 mmol) under an argon atmosphere. The mixture was well mixed and stirred for 2 min. Then, the mixture was heated at 60 °C for 1 h. After the reaction, ether was added to the mixture, and the formed succinimide was removed by filtration. The filtrate was evaporated and the residue was chromatographed on silica gel (eluent hexane/ethyl acetate = 1/1) to provide ethyl p-(a-bromo)toluate in 73% yield [45]. 

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