Ethyl methane sulfonate, point

It is indispensable for any formal genetic analysis to be able to isolate mutants defective in genes coding for important cellular functions. In addition to the spontaneous mutations mentioned above, as caused by ISH elements, several protocols of induced mutagenesis were introduced. The most efficient method so far is the use of the alkylating agent ethyl methane sulfonate to cause point mutations... 

The exact base sequence of the regulatory DNA is not critical. If ethyl methane sulfonate produces primarily point mutations, then a single base change in a regulatory sequence would not have a profound enough effect to be detected in mutant isolation procedures. 

Far-red-light insensitive (JrP andfrP, now named phyA), phytochrome-A-deficient mutants of tomato were obtained by treating seeds with ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS). Fri mutations and PHYA were mapped at the same location on Chromosome 10. Both frf andfrp mutants have an identical point mutation in PHYA, Ajjjy-to-T. The two PHYA mutants produce less than 1% of phyA apoprotein. 

ETHER, VINYL ETHYL (109-92-2) C4HgO Highly flammable, polymerizable liquid. Forms explosive mixture with air [explosion limits in air (vol %) 1.7 to 28 flash point <-50°F/<-46°C autoignition tenqj 395°F/202°C Fire Rating 4]. Forms unstable peroxides on contact with air. Reacts violently with oxidizers, ammonium persulfate, bromine dioxide, methane sulfonic acid (may cause polymerization), nitric acid, perchlorates, permanganates, peroxides and hydroperoxides, sulfuric acid. Incompatible with acids, ammonia, aliphatic amines, alkanolamines. On small fires, use dry chemical powder (such as Purple-K-Powder), alcohol-resistant foam, or COj extinguishers. 

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