Ethereal oils

Some unsaturated compounds are capable of quantitative hydrogenation in a solution of colloidal palladium. It has been found that a hydrogen number corresponding to the iodine number of fatty oils may be ascribed to some ethereal oils. 

Soluble in acetone, alcohol, benzene, and ether (Weast, 1986). Miscible with alcohol, petroleum ether, oils, and many other organic liquids (Windholz et al., 1983). 

The first suitable representative of this class of substances, 6-methyl-5-heptene-2-one, was investigated by Neuberg and Lewite. This ketone, which is a natural constituent of ethereal oils, can also be obtained by degradation of various aliphatic and cyclic terpenes. By means of fermenting yeast it is converted to 6-methyl-5-heptene-2-ol,... 

Essential oil, also defined as essence, volatile oil, etheric oil or aetheroleum, is a complex mixture of volatile constituents biosynthesised by living organisms. Essential oils can be liberated from their matrix by water, steam and dry distillation, or expression in the case of citrus fruits [1-5]. Their occurrence and function in nature is still a question and the subject of ongoing research. However, there is evidence that organisms produce essential oils for defence, signalling or as part of their secondary metabolism. As a consequence essential oils comprise an important bio resource for renewable natural products [1-25]. 

Achillea alpina L. A. millefolium L. Shi Cao (Siberian yarrow) (aerial part) Alkaloids, essential oils, achillin, flavonoides, betonicine, achilleine, d-camphor, oxalic acids, ether oils, hydroxycinnamic acids, hydrocyanic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, anthocyanidines, anthraquinones, phytosterines, carotene, coumarins, monoterpene, sesquiterpene glucosides, desacetylmatricarin.33-222-450 Antibacterial, treat menopause, abdominal pain, acute intestinal disorder, wound infection, snakebite. 

Polygonum bistorta L. Cao He Che (Snakeweed, bistort) (stem, root) Iodine, oxalic acids, coumarins, hydroxycinnamic acids, ether oil, hydroxybenzoic acids, hydrocyanic acids, anthocyanidines, carotenes, anthraquinones, phytosterines, monoterpene, sesquiterpene glucoside, caffeic acid, quercimeritrin, avicularin, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid 50.221.222,223,224 Diuretic, laxative, hemostatic, antifebrile. 

Taraxacum officinale G. H. Weber ex Wigg. Western Pu Gong Ying (Dandelion) (root) Inulin, essential oils, choline, hydroxycinnamic acids, carotenes, ether oils, monoterpene, oxalic acids, hydrocyanic acids, sesquiterpene glucosides, flavonoids, hydroxybenzoic acid, coumarins, anthocyanidines, anthraquinones, phytosterines, squalene, cerylic alcohol, arabinose, vitamins , , C.88-222-450 Sudorific, stomachic, tonic, a remedy for sores, boils, ulcers, abscesses, snakebites. 

White crystalline masses formula practically CaCl2. Fused calcium chloride is chiefly used for drying liquids, e.g., ethers, esters, ethereal oils, hydrocarbons, etc. 

WALLACH, OTTO (1847-1931). German chemist who received the Nobel prize for chemistry in 1910 for recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work tn the field of alic.yclic compounds. His mentors were Hofmann and Wahler, and he worked at the University of Bonn under Kekule. He studied pharmacy and did work on terpenes. camphors, and essential oils. This was followed by research in aromatic oils, perfumes, and spices. His research of terpenes revealed their significance in sex hormones and vitamins. Ethereal oils and industrial uses were made possible by his work. 

Cu(CzoHz902)2 mw 666.43, grn pdr insol in w, sol in ether oils. Can be prepd by heating Cu sulfate with rosin oil, followed by filtering and drying the ppt. Has been used as a preservative paint, particularly for ship s bottoms, and as an insecticide (Refs 3 4). Its uses in pyrotechnics are discussed in Addnl Refs A, B C Refs 1) Beil - not found 2) Hackh s(l944), 242 (not found) 3) Sax(l957), 506 4) CondChemDict (1961), 304... 

Essential oils, known also as Ethereal oils, Volatile oils, or Essences, are products of more or less complex composition, consisting mostly of mixtures of substances with widely varying chemical functions of these substances the principal are as follows ... 

To determine them quantitatively, the essential oil is oxidised completely with fuming nitric add, as in the estimation of petroleum in oil of turpentine (see Chapter IX, this volume). Some ethereal oils, such as rose, chamomile and neroli oils, contain naturally solid hydrocarbons (paraffin wax). 

These mixtures are not completely soluble in 90% alcohol, except in presence of castor oil, which is, however, only slightly soluble in 70% alcohol. When, therefore, they are evaporated in a dish on a water-bath, they leave an abundant residue which has a high saponification number (180-200) and emits an irritating odour of acrolein when heated in a test-tube with potassium bisulphate. Certain ethereal oils (bergamot, lemon, aniseed and badiana oils) themselves leave a residue on evaporation, but such residue has not the characters of the fatty oils. The saponification number of the oil itself may raise suspicion as to the presence of fatty oil. 

Rubber is insoluble in water, alcohol or acetone in ether, benzine, benzene, carbon disulphide, oil of turpentine and certain ethereal oils it swells and gradually dissolves more or less completely. 

Wasicky, R. and Frehden, O., Spot-plate tests in the examination of drugs. I. Aldehyde and amine tests for the recognition of ethereal oils, Mikrochim. Acta, 1, 55, 1937 Chem. Abs., 31, 5944, 1937. 

Forms azeotropic mixture with 3 mol of water, boiling at 92-93°C volatile with steam miscible with water, alcohol, acetone, ether, petroleum ether, oils, and many organic liquids solvent for many organic and inorganic compounds.1,4... 

XANES, IPS The tris-[p-(perfluoroalkylether)-phenyl]phosphine dissolved in perfluoropolyalkyl-ether oil decomposed on the surface, within the wear track, forming a tribofilm composed of a polyphosphate glassy material (Cutler et al., 1999). 

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