Ethanolamine levelling

McMaster, C. R. and Choy, P. C. (1992) The determination of tissue ethanolamine levels by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, Lipids 27, 560-563. 

In multiple sclerosis, which is a demyelinating disease, there is loss of both phospholipids (particularly ethanolamine plasmalogen) and of sphingolipids from white matter. Thus, the lipid composition of white matter resembles that of gray matter. The cerebrospinal fluid shows raised phospholipid levels. 

The polyamines putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, and spermine, which are seen at elevated levels in some victims of cancer, were separated on a Technicon (The Technicon Company Chauncey, NY) TSM Amino Acid Analyzer packed with an 8% divinylbenzene-co-polystyrene sulfonated resin with post-column ninhydrin detection.111 Amines such as ethanolamine, noradrenaline, hexamethylene diamine, methoxytryptamine, spermine, and spermidine were separated from amino acids on a DC-4A cation exchange resin.112 A similar approach, using a Beckman Model 121M amino acid analyzer equipped with an AA-20 column, was also successful.113 A Polyamin-pak strong cation exchange column (JASCO) was eluted with a citrate buffer for the detection of putrescene, spermine, cadaverine, and 1,5-diaminohex-ane from rat thymus.114 A post-column o-phthaldehyde detection system was used. 

Note Some protocols do not call for a reduction step. The addition of borohydride at this level may result in disulfide bond cleavage and loss of protein activity in some cases. As an alternative to reduction, add 50pi of 0.2M lysine in 0.5M sodium carbonate, pH 9.5 to each ml of the conjugation reaction to block excess reactive sites. Block for 2 hours at room temperature. Other amine-containing small molecules may be substituted for lysine—such as glycine, Tris buffer, or ethanolamine. 

The 2003 ACCIH threshold limit value-time-weighted average (TLV-TWA) for ethanolamine is 3 ppm (7.5mg/m ) with a short-term excursion level (STEL) of 6 ppm (15mg/m ). 

Preussmann, R., Habs, M., Habs, H. Schmahl (1982) Carcinogenicity of A -nitrosodi-ethanolamine in rats at five different dose levels. Cancer Res., 42, 5167-5171 Piival, M. J., Sheldon, A.T., Jr Popkin, D. (1982) Evalnation, nsing Salmonella typhimurium, of the mutagenicity of seven chemicals foimd in cosmetics. Food chem. Toxicol, 20, 427-432... 

What has inspired the outlandish accusations Scientific ignorance is at least partially responsible. There is much discussion on the Web sites in question about the degree to which SLS and sees are contaminated with carcinogenic nitrosamines. While it is true that trace amounts of nitrosamines have been found in some shampoos, they have nothing to do with sodium lauryl or laureth sulfate. Ethanolamine lauryl sulfates, substances found in a few products, accounted for the insignificant levels of contamination. The similarity in names, I guess, led the chemically illiterate to slur the much more common detergents. 

Alkyl and alkenyl ethers have been identified in phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine fractions recovered from whole milk (Hay and Morrison 1971). To our knowledge, levels of alkyl and alkenyl ethers in phospholipids of milk lipid globule membrane have not been measured. 

The molecular mechanism of the Hoffmann elimination involving (iV-Cl)-N-methyl-ethanolamine has been theoretically characterized by using DFT at the B3LYP/ 6-31++G computing level.49 The role of water as a solvent has been analysed by using both discrete and hybrid discrete-continuum models. The rearrangement proceeds by a water-assisted asynchronous concerted mechanism. 

Figure 22 Dynamics of principal lipid constituents in horse-mackerel during cruising and fatigue. (After Yuneva et al., 1991.) The free fatty-acid level increases in red muscle and liver when the fish swim, and decreases during fatigue. Other constituents decrease under both conditions. TG, triacyl-glycerols PL, phospholipids PC, phosphatidyl choline PE, phosphatidyl ethanolamine FFA, free (unesterified) fatty acids. Black columns, red muscle empty columns, white muscle shaded, liver.

Fig. 5 Discovery metabolite profiling of brain tissue, where mass ion intensity ratios (FAAH / / FAAH+/+) of metabolites are presented on three-dimensional surface plots. Global view of the relative levels of metabolites in FAAH / and FAAH+/+ brains, plotted over a mass range of 200-1,200 m/z and liquid chromatography retention times of 0-105 min (plot shown for negative ionization mode). FAAH / brains possessed highly elevated levels of A-acyl ethanolamines (NAEs) (lipid group 4) and an unknown class of lipids (group 5), identified as A-acyl taurines (NATs). Other lipids, e.g., free fatty acids (group 1), phospholipids (group 2), and ceramides (group 3) were unaltered in these samples...

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