HexaChloro ethane

Ethane, 1,1,2-Trichloro-Ethane, 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-Ethane, Hexachloro-Ethane, 1,12-Trichlorotrilluoro Ethanol, 2-chloro-Ethene, chloro- (vinyl chloride) Ethene, 1,1-Dichloro- (vinylidene chloride)... 

The method for HCCP has been used routinely by industry over the past year to determine employee exposures to the compound in air (16). The method has been reported to be reliable. Its application has also facilitated planning for engineering controls. Plans are underway to employ the method developed for HCCP in personal monitoring and perimeter sampling during the cleanup of waste disposal sites (17, 18). In this endeavor, the method will also be employed to determine other volatile chlorinated compounds that are likely to be present including tetra-chloroethylene, trichloroethylene, hexachlorobenzene, hexachloro-ethane, and HCBD. 

Tetrakis(phenyldifluorophosphine)nickel-(0) could also be obtained, using arsenic trifluoride in the presence of catalytic amounts of antimony pentachloride, or zinc fluoride as fluorinating agents. Yields as high as 50% could be obtained, but sizable decomposition on the process of fluorination of the chlorophosphine nickel-(0) complexes in solution could not be entirely suppressed. The marked instability of zerovalent nickel-phosphine complexes in solution in organic solvents, even under strictly anhydrous and anaerobic conditions, has been noted by several workers (16,20), but is still lacking a detailed explanation. A closer examination of the system carbon tetrachloride-tetrakis(trichlorophosphine)nickel-(0) (23) showed the main pa h of the reaction to consist in the formation of hexachloro-ethane with conversion of zerovalent into bivalent nickel, while the coordinated... 

The exchange of halogen for fluorine with sulfur tetrafluoride, due to the high temperatures generally required, is of limited use. Carbon tetrachloride and carbon tetrabromide react with sulfur tetrafluoride at 225-325 C to give mixtures of halofluoromethanes, while hexachloro-ethane under similar conditions gives l,1.2,2-tetrachloro-l,2-difluoroethane (59%) as the main product.191... 

Preparation of (R)-l involves the chlorination of (R)-l,l-bina-phthyl-2,2-dicarboxylic acid with scc-BuLi and hexachloro-ethane. Condensation of the resulting dichorinated product with 3-chloro-2-chloromethyl-l-propene, followed by oxidative cleavage of the olefin moiety with ruthenium trichlorde affords (R)-l in modest yields. 

R also has a dehalogenating action, reacting with carbon tetrachloride to form carbon monoxide, phosgene and hexachloro-ethane, while the iron is converted to ferric chloride (Mittasch). 

Aubrey and Van Wazer have shown that perchlorocarbon compounds, when heated in a closed fluid system at 400-460 °C, tend towards an equilibrium mixture of hexachlorobenzene, carbon tetrachloride and smaller amounts of hexachloro-ethane. The mechanism is almost certainly free-radical. Other studies on perchlorocarbon compounds have been reported by Krynitsky and Carhart by Bidinosti and Porter , by Dainton and Ivin , and by Errede and Cassidy . 

A safe composition like white smoke, which consists of hexachloro-ethane, zinc dust and zinc oxide, cari be mixed with a mixer like the one used for concrete. In this case, the light zinc oxide is placed first into the mixer, then hexachloroethane and lastly the heavy zinc dust. 

K. Ballschmiter, R. Wittlinger, Interhemisphere exchange of hexachlorocyclohexanes, hexachloro-benzene, polychlorobiphenyls and l,l,l-trichloro-2,2-bis (/>-chlorophenyl)ethane in the lower troposphere, Environ. Sci. Technol, 25 (1991), 1103-111. 

The most important product from a commercial as well as a envirotoxicological point of view has been l,l,l-trichloro-2,2 -bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane or dichlor-odiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), but also aldrin, dieldrin, lindane (y-hexachloro-cyclohexane, y-HCH), chlordane and toxaphene are of environmental concern (Figure 3.8). 

CHLOROETHENE HEXACHLORO-ETHANE 112TRICHLORO-TRIFLUOROETHANE 12DICHLORO-TETRAFLUORO-ETHANE CHLOROPENTA-FLUOROETHANE TETRAFLUORO-ETHENE HEXAFLUORO-ETHANE CYANOGEN TRICHLOROETHENE -9.886 PENTACHLORO- -143.234 ETHANE TRIFLUORO-ETHENE ACETYLENE (ETHYNE)... 

Thus, the thermal decomposition of tetramethyldibismuthine in the presence of bromotrichloromethane may take place via the following chain mechanism, (i) Tetramethyldibismuthine decomposes first into two dimethyl-bismuth radicals, (ii) These radicals react with bromotrichloromethane to form bromodimethylbismuthine bromide and a trichloromethyl radical, (iii) The trichloromethyl radical reacts with the dibismuthine to form dimethyl(trichlor-omethyl)bismuthine and dimethylbismuth radical. The termination step is the self-combination of the trichloromethyl radicals. In fact, the major product of the reaction is bromodimethylbismuthine bromide and the second product is dimethyl(trichloromethyl)bismuthine. Trimethylbismuthine, hexachloro-ethane and tetrachloroethylene are also formed in smaller quantities [830M1859]. 

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