ETAAS electrothermal atomic absorption

AMS = accelerated mass spectroscopy EDTA = ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid GFAAS = graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry ICP-AES = inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectroscopy NAA = neutron activation analysis ETAAS = electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry SEC/ICP-MS = size-exclusion chromatography/ICP-AES/mass spectrometry HLPC/ICP-AES = high-performance liquid chromatography/ICP-AES LAMMA = laser ablation microprobe mass analysis NA = not applicable ppq = parts per quadrillion... 

FI. flow injection SI, sequential injection ICP-AES, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry FAAS, flame atomic absorption spectrometry, ETAAS electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, ICP-MS inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, HG-AAS hydrige generation-atomic absorption spectrometry, HG-AFS hydrige generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry. 

The techniques used to determine metal concentration in extracts were generally FAAS (flame atomic absorption spectrometry) or ETAAS (electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry). ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry) and ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) were also used by some laboratories. 

ISE, ion-selective electrode FAAS, flame atomic absorption spectrometry ETAAS, electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry FES, flame emission spectrometry FIG, hydride generation CV, cold vapor AFS, atomic fluorescence spectrometry Bl, biamperometry FIPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography LC, liquid chromatography GC-MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Br-PADAP, 2- 5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-(diethylamino)phenol Cig, octadecyl-chemically modified silicagel PAN, 1-(2-thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol. 

ETAAS electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry GMP good measurement practice... 

Second-generation reference material refers to the serum preparation of Versieck et al. [49]. ID-MS, isotope dilution-mass spectrometiy NAA, neutron activation analysis FAAS, flame atomic absorption spectrometry ETAAS, electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometiy. 

CNAA neutron activation analysis with preirradiation separation ETAAS electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry EXAFS extended X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy ICPAES inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry IGF-II immunoglobulin factor II... 

ETAAS Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer (analytical device)... 

Miscellaneous. Trace analyses have been performed for a variety of other materials. Table 9 Hsts some uses of electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (etaas) for determination of trace amounts of elements in a variety of matrices. The appHcations of icp /ms to geological and biological materials include the following (165) ... 

The development of methods using sorbents modified with analytical reagents that enable analytical signal measuring directly on the surface by solid-phase spectrometry, visually or by electrothermic atomic absorption spectroscopy (ETAAS) after elution is now a subject of growing interest. 

M. J. Cal-Prieto, M. Felipe-Sotelo, A. Carlosena, J. M. Andrade, P. Lopez-Mahia, S. Muniategui and D. Prada, Slurry sampling for direct analysis of solid materials by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). A literature review from 1990 to 2000, Talanta, 56, 2002, 1-51. 

I. Arambarri, R. Garcia and E. Millan, Application of experimental design in a method for screening sediments for global determination of organic tin by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS), Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 371(7), 2001, 955-960. 

S. Ch. Nielsen, S. Sturup, H. Spliid and E. H. Hansen, Selective flow injection analysis of ultra-trace amounts of Cr(VI), preconcentration of it by solvent extraction and determination by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS), Talanta, 49(5), 1999, 1027-1044. 

The sequential extraction of chromium from soils has been studied [89]. A three-step sequential extraction scheme has been proposed using acetic acid, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and ammonium acetate as extracting agents. Steps 1 and 2 were measured by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). Step 3 was measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Interfering effects when measuring chromium in soils were circumvented through the use of a 1% 5-hydroxyquinoline suppressor agent. 

Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) was in the past, and still is in the present, the most useful technique for total aluminum determination in biological samples. The technique is subject to contamination from dust, but by keeping the instrument under laminar flow conditions or setting the sample in the autosampler just before pipetting, contamination may be avoided. In recent years, chromatographic techniques have also been... 

Thirty-two sherds representing five different examples of Kayenta Anasazi Pueblo II pottery (Tusayan Corrugated [TC], Medicine Black-on-Red [MB], Tusayan Black-on-Red [TB], Dogoszhi Black-on-White [DB], and Sosi Black-on-White [SB]) have been analyzed for the elements As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cm, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V, and Zn by using the techniques of flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (.FAA) and electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy (ETAA). Analytical procedures for the chemical analysis of ceramics afford accuracy and sensitivity and require only a modest capital investment for instrumentation. The sherd samples were collected at two sites, one in southern Utah (Navajo Mountain [NM]) and the second in northern Arizona (Klethla Valley [KV]). These sites are approximately 60 km apart. Statistical treatment of the data shows that only three clay types were used in the 32 sherds analyzed, and that only three elements (Fe, Pb, and Ni) are necessary to account for 100% of the dispersion observed within this sample set. 

As noted earlier, USNs have been employed for sample insertion into atomic spectrometers suoh as flame atomio absorption spectrometry (FAAS) [9,10], electrothermal atomic absorption speotrometry (ETAAS) [11], atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) [12,13], induotively ooupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) [14,15], inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [16,17] and microwave induced plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (MIP-AES) [18,19]. Most of the applications of ultrasonic nebulization (USNn) involve plasma-based detectors, the high sensitivity, selectivity, precision, resolution and throughput have fostered their implementation in routine laboratories despite their high cost [4]. 

Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (ETAAS) e.g. Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS) Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV)... 

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