Esters nonflammable

Most phosphate esters are made from POCl and used as plasticizers (qv) and nonflammable hydrauHc fluids (qv). 

Uses. The. motivation for first recovering NBA in the 1920s was its use as a lacquer solvent. That application is even stronger today. The NBA vapors from lacquer drying are nontoxic and virtually nonflammable. Other fast growing uses for NBA are plasticizers and chemical intermediates, mostly for esters and ethers used in water-based coatings and adhesives systems. 

Properties Clear, colorless liquid characteristic sweet odor. Bp 113.7C, d 1.4432 (20C/4C), refr index 1.4458, vap press 16.7 mm Hg (20C), bulk d 12.0 lb/gal (20C), fp —36.4C, flash p none. Miscible with alcohols, ethers, esters, and ketones insoluble in water. Nonflammable. 

Carbon dioxide is, by far, the most attractive SCF for many reasons It is inexpensive and abundant at high purity (food grade) worldwide and it is nonflammable, non-toxic, and environment friendly moreover, its critical temperature T = 31 °C) permits operations at near-ambient temperature which avoids product alteration and its critical pressure (= 74 bar) leads to acceptable operation pressure, generally between 100 and 350 bar. In fact, supercritical carbon dioxide behaves as a rather weak nonpolar solvent, but its solvent power and polarity can be significantly increased by adding a polar cosolvent that is chosen among alcohols, esters, and ketones. Ethanol is often preferred because it is not hazardous to the environment, not very toxic, and available pure at low cost. Hydro fluorocarbons (HFCs) are very costly and their specific properties rarely justify their use in the replacement of carbon dioxide. 

Uses Acid catalyst for water-based inks and wood coatings Pn )erties Gardner 1 color sol. in water, alcohols, glycols insol. in esters, ketones, aromatics, aliphatics dens. 9.85 Ib/gal acid no. 200-210 nonflamm. 50% act. 

The nonflammable gas (phosphate ester), which is generated by decomposition of Phoslyte, intercepts the continuous supplying oxygen. 

Organic Nonflammable Fluorinated esters High ionic conductivity ... 

Organic compounds that contain C-F bonds generally show nonflammability or fire-retardant property. Thus, fluoroalkyl-ethers and -esters have been attempted as nonflammable or flame-retardant solvents for LIB electrolytes [88, 89,113]. Fluorinated alkylphosphates, or fluoroalkylphosphates, have higher flame-retardant properties than the corresponding alkylphosphates. Jow and co-workers [104, 114-116] reported a series of fluoroalkylphosphate, i.e., tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate (TEP), bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-methyl phosphate (BMP) and (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-diethyl phosphate (TDP) (Fig. 2.24), as nonflammable additives or co-solvents of... 

The second area of research is flame-resistant or nonflammable electrolyte solutions. The main approach is to employ phosphate compounds in some way, either by using cyclic phosphoric acid ester as solvent or by adding a phosphazene compound as flame retardant. The next most common approach is to use halogen compounds, especially fluorine compounds such as fluorocarbon ester and fluorinated ether, as solvent. There is also the concept of a new safety mechanism whereby a flame retardant is encased in microcapsules to be released in case of battery malfunction. 

One of the hazards uniquely associated with the production of methacrylic powders and sheets is explosion of polymer dust. These materials are flammable and must be treated with care to avoid static discharges which can serve as ignition sources. Poly(methyl methacrylate) is widely used in buildings imder codes which limit the fire hazards associated with this material. Solution polymers of methacrylic esters are considered flammable while latex emulsion polymers are nonflammable because of the aqueous continuous phase. 

---