Essential oils and resins

OLEORESIN. Any of a number of mixtures of essential oils and resins characteristic of the tree or plant from which they are derived. Most types are semi-sohd and tacky at room temperature, becoming soft and sticky at high temperatures. They have various distinctive odors. See also Balsam Oils, Essential and Rosin. 

McNair J. B. (1932) The interrelation between substances in plants essential oils and resins, cyanogen and oxalate. Am. J. Bot. 19, 255 - 272. 

Labdane-based diterpenes (Figure 2) have been isolated from tissues of fungi, insects, and marine organisms, from essential oils and resins, and from tissues of higher plants, and have been shown to possess a broad spectrum of biological activities. ... 

The hisnlphuret of carbon is purified by distillation in a very gentle heat, and then forms a very transparent, mobile, colourless liquid, of sp. g. 1.272, sinking, therefore, in water, which has a peculiar offensive smell of putrid cabbage. It is very volatile, boiling at 108" and very combustible, burning with a pale blue flame, and producing sulphurous and carbonic acids. It is insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, ether, and oils. It dissolves sulphur and phosphorus readily and these solutions, by spontaneous evaporation, yield fine crystals of those elements. It also dissolves camphor, essential oils, and resins. 

Pine trees, chiefly Pinus palustris and Pinus caribaea, contain an oleoresin (a mixture of essential oils and resins) which can be tapped or removed by extraction or distillation to yield a number of commercially significant products ... 

D. occur in the higher boiling fractions of essential oils and resins. Examples of the open-chain compounds include, e.g., geranylgeraniol, crocetin, and phytol, the latter is a component of vitamins E and K. Most D., however, are bi- and tricyclic compounds, predominately perhydronaphthalene or phenanthrene... 

Kelkar VM, Geils BW, Becker DR, Overby ST, Neary DG (2006) How to recover more value from small pine trees essential oils and resins. Biomass Bioenerg 30(4) 316-320. doi 10.1016/J.Biombioe.2005.07.009... 

LOWER TERPENOIDS (found in essential oils and resins)... 

Reference has been made to the essential oils and resins present in hops. As with most botanical materials, these are complex mixtures and form only a part of the total composition of the hop. The classes of compounds present in hops are characterised by their methods of isolation as shown in Figure 4.1. 

Balsams are physiological or pathological substances secreted by some plant species. They contain essential oils and resins and esters of organic acids (mainly benzoic and cinnamic acids). The well-known Peruvian balsam flows from injured trees of the genus Myroxylon (Fabaceae), such as M. balsamum var. genuinum and M. b. var. pereirae, which are native to Central and South America. 

Humans are greatly influenced by the senses of taste and olfaction, and from prehistoric times they have learnt to use natural products, such as herbs and spices, for flavoring purposes. With the onset of civilization, their ability in exploiting the gifts of Nature improved, and they learnt to develop simple methods for the distillation and the extraction of essential oils and resins. Concurrently, fermentation processes for the preparation of beer, wine, and cheese were discovered, and new complex mixtures of aromas were generated. 

From ancient times till the beginning of the nineteenth century, odorous products have found several diverse apphcations. Essential oils and resins have been employed to heal wounds, cure pains, and carry out embalming procedures they have been burnt during rites of rehgious devotions and used for personal care to increase pleasure and attraction [1]. 

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