Error diagnosis

Provide Verilog input to Prevail. This would enable VIS users to benefit from the automatic error diagnosis tool of Prevail, along with the same kind of benefits as provided by the Prevail to VIS link the possibility of benchmarking and library reuse across the two languages VHDL and Verilog, this time in the Prevail environment. 

These analyses of human tutors suggest that they exhibit certain aspects of the error diagnosis exhibited by some more aggressive computer tutors. Feedback from the human tutors is quickly used by students to realize they have made an error, and very focused questions from tutors may help students isolate the particular part of their step that is in error. However, tutors... 

Laboratory - Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Blau, N. (Nenad), 1946 -[DNLM 1. Metabolism, Inborn Errors - diagnosis. 2. Diagnosis, Differential. 

I. Lawson, A. M. II. Title. [DNLM 1. Carboxylic acids—Analysis. 2. Metabolism, Inborn errors—Diagnosis. QU 98 C4380]... 

These two examples hint at a few of the reasons for the importance of knowledge-based systems. A medical faciHty may handle hundreds of infectious disease cases a year. Speedy, accurate diagnosis of these cases, aided by a system such as Mycin, may help the medical faciHty handle more patients, more effectively. Likewise, configuring large computer systems composed of many components can be a time-consuming and error-prone task. 

For critical, high consequence systems, simulators are useful to practice diagnosis and correction of errors and abnormal conditions in emergency conditions (CCPS, 1994a). 

The confusion matrix (NSAC-60) is a method that identifies potential operator errors lemming from incorrect diagnosis of an event. It can be used to identify the potential for an operator to conclude that a small LOCA has occurred, when it is actually a steam line break. This provides a method for identifying a wrong operator response to an off-normal plant condition. It is particularly useful in Step 5 of the. SHARP procedures, Documentation requirements are presented in Table 4.5-2. 

Active Error/Failure An active human error is an unintended action or an intended action based on a mistaken diagnosis, interpretation, or other failure, which is not recovered and which has significant negative consequences for the system. 

In the case of the CPI, there are relatively few situations where control room workers are likely to face continuous periods of overload. However, when overload does occur it is likely to be associated with situations when the plant is in an unusual or abnormal state for which the workers may not have any rules or procedures available. In these situations, knowledge-based processing (see Section 2.6.2), which needs considerable mental resources, will be required and errors of diagnosis are likely to occur. 

Advocates of the global approach would argue that human activities are essentially goal-directed (the cognitive view expressed in Chapter 2), and that this cannot be captured by a simple decomposition of a task into its elements. They also state that if an intention is correct (on the basis of an appropriate diagnosis of a situation), then errors of omission in skill-based actions are imlikely, because feedback will constantly provide a comparison between the expected and actual results of the task. From this perspective, the focus would be on the reliability of the cognitive rather than the action elements of the task. 

Process transients and equipment failures may require workers to develop a new strategy to control the process. Detection, diagnosis, and fault-compensation are tasks in which workers may have little experience and the information needs may be different from those of familiar tasks. Again, methods of task and error analyses, particularly those concerned with human cognitive functions, may be useful in deciding what information should be displayed to help workers detect process transients, diagnose their causes and develop new strategies. 

Mistakes Errors arising from a correct intentions that lead to incorrect action sequences. Such errors may arise, for example, from lack of knowledge or inappropriate diagnosis. 

Another example of error in the estimation of the prevalence of certain disorders by using systems of diagnosis that fail to take cultural characteristics into account is the case of ataque de nervios among Puerto Ricans. 

Krawczak, M., Reiss, J., Schmidtke, J. and Rosier, U. (1989) Polymerase chain reaction replication errors and reliability of gene diagnosis. Nucleic Acids Research 17, 2197-2201. 

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