ErbB gene

Hayman, M.J., G.M. Ramsay, K. Savin, G. Kitchener, T. Graf, and H. Beug, Identification and characterization of the avian erythroblastosis virus erbB gene product... 

Retroviral-Associated Oncogenes That Are Involved in Growth Regulation The src Gene Product The sis Gene Product The erbB Gene Product The ras Gene Product... 

As with c-erbB, overexpression of the suppressor p53 gene product has been found in different cancers (H3). Initially, it was believed that the detection of p53 protein in tumors meant the presence of a mutant gene product. However, we now know that normal p53 protein can be overexpressed in response to certain stimuli and stabilized by interaction with both cellular and viral proteins (H3). Irrespective of the mechanism giving rise to elevated protein levels, overexpression of p53 has been shown to be a prognostic marker in both breast and colorectal cancers (D8). In some studies, the presence of high levels of p53 has been shown to be a prognostic marker in axillary node-negative breast cancer patients (H3). 

Gene amplification 1 Many oncogenes are present in multiple copies erbB amplified in certain breast cancers Dihydrofolate reductase genes are amplified in some tumors, leading to drug resistance... 

Miller, P., C. DiOrio, M. Moyer, R. C. Schnur, A. Bruskin, W. Cullen, and J. D. Moyer. Depletion of the erbB-2 gene product pI85 by benzoquinoid ansamycins. Cancer Res. 54 2724-2730.1994a. 

While no biopharmaceutical is approved with the requirement of genotyping as a part of its therapeutic indication, a recently approved monoclonal antibody therapy against breast cancer, trastuzumab (Herceptin), is indicated only for those tumors measurably expressing the protein expressed by the gene erbB-2. Because the oncogene product of erbB-2 is elevated... 

HER-2/nen gene was first discovered as a transforming oncogene in a series of ethyl nitrosourea-induced rat neuroblastomas, where it was called neu (Schecter et al., 1984). Approximately 15 years ago, this oncogene was isolated independently by two separate groups, which named it HER-2 (Coussens et al., 1985) and c-erbB-2 (Semba et al., 1985), respectively. Further evidence revealed that the two genes were the same (Schechter et al., 1985), and it was renamed HER-2Ineu. 

D Emilia, J., Bulovas, K., D Ercole, B., Wolf, G., Steele, G., and Summerhayes, I. C. 1989. Expression of the c-erbB-2 gene product (pl85) at different stages of neoplastic progression in the colon. Oncogene 4 1233-1239. 

Semba, K., Kamata, N., Toyoshima, K., and Yamamoto, T. 1985. A v-erbB-related protooncogene, c-erb-2, is distinct from the c-erbB-l/epidermal growth factor-receptor gene and is amplified in a human salivary gland adenocarcinoma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82 6491-6501. 

Tsuda, H., Tani, Y, Hasegawa, T., and Fukutomi, T. 2001. Concordance in judgments among c-erbB-2 (HER2/neu) overexpression detected by two immunohistochemical tests and gene amplification detected by southern blot hybridization in breast carcinoma. Pathol. Internat. 51 26-32. 

Yao, M., Shuin, T., Misaki, H., and Kubota, Y. 1988. Enhanced expression of c-myc and epidermal growth factor receptor (c-erbB-1) genes in primary human renal cancer. Cancer Res. 48 6753-6757. 

M. A. Stackhouse, D. J. Buchsbaum, S. R. Kancharla, W. E. Grizzle, C. Grimes, K. Laffoon, L. C. Pederson, and D. T. Curiel, Specific membrane receptor gene expression targeted with radiolabeled peptide employing the erbB-2 and DF3 promoter elements in adenoviral vectors, Cancer Gene Ther. 6 209 (1999). 

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