Equipment configuration practices

Tisted below are safety practices aimed at minimizing hazards due to equipment configuration and layout. 

Process Overview The process overview includes topics related to the equipment configuration, chemical and physical changes achieved in the specific toll, and special safe work practices related to the operations, maintenance and materials. Emphasis should be given to any new equipment and chemical hazards the startup team will encounter. 

In order to reliably design spouted bed equipment for practical application, the following three quantities must be known, depending on the specific configuration, for example, cylindrical or prismatic ... 

Extrinsic wastes are more functional in nature and are not necessarily inherent to a specific process configuration. These may occur as a result of unit upsets, selection of auxiliary equipment, fugitive leaks, process shutdown, sample collection and handling, solvent selection, or waste handling practices. Extrinsic wastes can be, and often are, reduced readily through administrative controls, additional maintenance or improved maintenance procedures, simple recycling, minor... 

As discussed in Chapter 1, optimization of a large configuration of plant components can involve several levels of detail ranging from the most minute features of equipment design to the grand scale of international company operations. As an example of the size of the optimization problems solved in practice, Lowery et al. (1993) describe the optimization of a bisphenol-A plant via SQP involving 41,147 variables, 37,641 equations, 212 inequality constraints, and 289 plant measurements to identify the most profitable operating conditions. Perkins (1998) reviews the topic of plantwide optimization and its future. 

As with any set of requirements, the product must be tested to verify that the system can meet the requirements. Compliance to the regulation is achieved not only through features in the product, but also through practices and procedures that are instituted by the users of the equipment. The manufacturer of the equipment can thus only provide a compliant-ready product. The users of the equipment can then achieve compliance by configuring and operating the equipment in a manner that meets all the requirements of the regulation. 

In addition, Ponikarov et al. [112] studied more special impinging stream absorption equipment. It employs the flow configuration of rotating impinging streams and the impingement occurs in a collision chamber of half-circle form. This equipment appears to be of less practical interest and so will not be discussed further here. 

Usually, minimization of entropy production leads to an increase in equipment size. For example, a large heat transfer area for a heat exchanger may be necessary. This, however, is not in practice an economically optimal solution, and we should consider other possible optimal flow configurations. 

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