Equalization effects for

Briefly explain each of the following points Does it make sense that the loss tangent is larger when a condition of poor adhesion exists between the cord and the rubber Is the adhesive effective Is it equally effective for both of the cord materials ... 

The r-butyl ester is a relatively hindered ester, and many of the methods reported below should be—and in many cases are—equally effective for the preparation of other hindered esters. The related 1- and 2-adamantyl esters have been used for the protection of aspartic acid. ... 

Both metals are applied to copper-base alloys, stainless steels and titanium to stop bimetallic corrosion at contacts between these metals and aluminium and magnesium alloys, and their application to non-stainless steel can serve this purpose as well as protecting the steel. In spite of their different potentials, zinc and cadmium appear to be equally effective for this purpose, even for contacts with magnesium alloys Choice between the two metals will therefore be made on the other grounds previously discussed. 

The space velocity was varied from 2539 to 9130 scf/hr ft3 catalyst. Carbon monoxide and ethane were at equilibrium conversion at all space velocities however, some carbon dioxide breakthrough was noticed at the higher space velocities. A bed of activated carbon and zinc oxide at 149 °C reduced the sulfur content of the feed gas from about 2 ppm to less than 0.1 ppm in order to avoid catalyst deactivation by sulfur poisoning. Subsequent tests have indicated that the catalyst is equally effective for feed gases containing up to 1 mole % benzene and 0.5 ppm sulfur (5). These are the maximum concentrations of impurities that can be present in methanation section feed gases. 

After succeeding in the asymmetric reductive acylation of ketones, we ventured to see if enol acetates can be used as acyl donors and precursors of ketones at the same time through deacylation and keto-enol tautomerization (Scheme 8). The overall reaction thus corresponds to the asymmetric reduction of enol acetate. For example, 1-phenylvinyl acetate was transformed to (f )-l-phenylethyl acetate by CALB and diruthenium complex 1 in the presence of 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol with 89% yield and 98% ee. Molecular hydrogen (1 atm) was almost equally effective for the transformation. A broad range of enol acetates were prepared from ketones and were successfully transformed into their corresponding (7 )-acetates under 1 atm H2 (Table 19). From unsymmetrical aliphatic ketones, enol acetates were obtained as the mixtures of regio- and geometrical isomers. Notably, however, the efficiency of the process was little affected by the isomeric composition of the enol acetates. 

A DAF-GAC system involving the use of DAF and GAC has also proved to be equally effective for complete groundwater decontamination for the same influent water mentioned above. 

Table III shows that hydrogenated and unhydrogenated SRC recycle solvents were equally effective for the conversion of a western subbituminous coal at low reaction severity. At higher severity but at times shorter than 10 minutes, significantly higher conversions were achieved only with the hydrogenated solvents which could donate more hydrogen.

These agents generally are equally effective for susceptible bacteria. The extended-spectrum penicillins are more active against ft aeruginosa and enterococci and often are preferred over cephalosporins. They are very useful in renally impaired patients or when an aminoglycoside is to be avoided. 

The Ru2C14(BINAP)2[N(C2H5)3] complex (13, 36-37) is equally effective for this enantioselective hydrogenation. 

ECT is the only clearly established bimodal therapy in that it is equally effective for both the depressed and manic phases of the disorder. Although the primary indication for ECT is a severe, unremitting, or drug-nonresponsive depressive episode, data from as early as the 1940 s support its use for the treatment of acute mania, particularly manic delirium (242, 243 and 244). Based on clinical experience, we would expect mania to remit rapidly with ECT, whereas lithium can take weeks. Hence, there may be a superiority for E(3T over lithium in the early phases of treatment. What the final outcome would be is more problematic, but clearly, there is a need to further explore the efficacy of ECT in mania. In this light, Schnur and colleagues ( 245) reported on the relationship between various pretreatment symptoms and therapeutic outcome to ECT in 18 manic patients. They found that although severity of mania was not predictive, anger, irritability, and suspiciousness were more characteristic of nonresponders to ECT. 

Ibuprofen is effective in closing patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants, with much the same efficacy and safety as indomethacin. The oral and intravenous routes are equally effective for this indication. A topical cream preparation appears to be absorbed into fascia and muscle an... 

Equally effective for both aqueous and non-aqueous dispersions. 

Are different munitions equally effective for the same missions ... 

It is appropriate to recognize that some medications are more susceptible to abuse than others. If two medications are equally effective for a given indication, the one with lower abuse liability would obviously be preferred. Information on abuse liability is necessary for the appropriate regulation of medications and provides a basis for education of physicians, patients, and the public. In this chapter we describe the control of marketed medications, abuse-liability assessment procedures for premarketing testing in laboratory animals and humans, considerations of the formulation properties, and postmarketing surveillance of abuse. Finally, we provide three case studies of marketed medications that have been abused. 

A preliminary cleanup procedure is often required for most food sample extracts before determination by HPLC. The goal of cleanup is to remove as much interfering coextracted material and as little analyte as possible. Due to the wide range of polarities of carbamate pesticides, it is difficult to develop one cleanup procedure equally effective for all of them. Therefore, the cleanup procedure will depend on the type of compound, the kind of sample to be analyzed, and the selectivity of the analytical equipment used in the determination. The use of selective detectors can reduce or even eliminate the need for cleanup procedures in some cases. 

SPR method is currently well established and used in analysis of affinity interactions. The commercial instruments produced by Biacore AB or Texas Instruments are available in the market. Substantial progress in SPR instrumentation is connected also with the possibility to detect simultaneously the affinity interaction from several surfaces [72], This approach has been proved equally effective for detection of thrombin-DNA aptamer interactions [36]. 

Choosing the mobile and the stationary phase of roughly the same polarity (i.e. Sm x Ss). While this has the desired effect on retention, the remedy is equally effective for all solutes, independent of the value of 5, and therefore it creates a very non-selective phase system (see the discussion on selectivity below). 

The zinc-mediated Reformatsky reaction is one of the classical methods for carbon-carbon bond formation. To date, various main group metals and transition metals have been used for this reaction. Rieke s activated indium powder mediates readily the coupling of ethyl a-bromoacetate and a variety of carbonyl compounds yielding /3-hydroxy esters in good yields (Scheme 87).3 Later, commercially available indium powder has been found to be equally effective for the indium-based Reformatsky reaction in THF.28 This indium Reformatsky reaction is accelerated by ultrasound irradiation (Scheme 88).322,323 Indium(i) iodide also mediates the Reformatsky reaction of aldehydes and ketones to give /3-hydroxy esters, presumably via organoindium(m) diiodide (Scheme 89).27... 

Nitrates, (3-blockers, and calcium channel blockers are equally effective for relief of anginal symptoms. However, for prompt relief of an ongoing attack of angina precipitated by exercise or emotional stress, sublingual (or spray form) nitroglycerin is the drug of choice. 

The facility with which the bromo, chloro and iodo analogues undergo reduction, with maintenance of the 5,6-double bond and replacement of the halogen by hydrogen, has been exploited for the electrochemical synthesis of 5-(3H)-uracil by conducting the reaction in tritiated water121). This procedure should be equally effective for the synthesis of labelled uracil nucleosides and nucleotides. 

Originally, the use of a smaller number of MP Hg lamps (P2 =1-5 kW) seemed to have several advantages over the LP Hg lamp systems, particularly with respect to inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts at a low UV fluence Ho of 19 mj cm and a reduction factor i f of 3.9 (Bukhari et al, 1999). However, recent investigations consistently established a 3 log-unit inactivation of C. parvum oocysts at a germicidal UV fluence Hq of 25 mJ cm for both MP and LP Hg lamps. Both lamp types were found to be equally effective for the inactivation of oocysts when compared on a germicidal fluence basis (Craik et al, 2001). 

The Lagrangian formulation is equally effective for discussing the idea of spontaneous breakdown of symmetry and the effect thereof can be demonstrated in terms of a simple example [18, 19]. 

Asymmetric -methylation of a, -enones. Chiral bidendate ligands derived from L-prolinol can be used for asymmetric Michael additions to a, 3-enones with cuprates of the type CH,L CuMgBr (10, 266). The highest optical yield in conjugate addition to chalcone is observed when L is (S)-N-methylprolinol (88% ee). The tridentate chiral ligand 1 is equally effective for asymmetric 3-methylation of chalcone with CH,L CuLi and CuBr the chemical yield is 95%. Reduction of the amide carbonyl group of 1 results in practically total loss of chiral induction. 

The tetraalkylammonium chromates prepared by Gelbard and coworkers a q)eared to be equally effective for all types of alcohols, but under the conditions of Santaniello et al., tetra-n-butylammonium chlorochromate was found to be a selective benzylic and allylic oxidant. It also efficiently converts aliphatic and aromatic thiols to disulfides. Trimethylammonium chlorochromate has also bera reported for the oxidation of allylic alcohols in DMF. ... 

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