Equality democracy

The statement s final points cut to the political issue of race, equality, and democracy social equality as an ethical principle does not depend upon equality of endowment among diverse human beings there is no evidence for the belief that groups differ in capacities for intellectual and emotional development differences within a given race may outstrip differences between races and there is no evidence that racial mixture is disadvantageous from a biological point of view.32... 

The racially disproportionate nature of the war on drugs is not just devastating to black Americans. It contradicts faith in the principles of justice and equal protection of the laws that should be the bedrock of any constitutional democracy it exposes and deepens the racial fault lines that continue to weaken the country and belies its promise as a land of equal opportunity and it undermines faith among all races in the fairness and efficacy of the criminal justice system. Urgent action is needed, at both the state and federal level, to address this crisis for the American nation. ... 

The establishment parties placed the Republikaner beyond the pale of democracy and constitutional politics. It was therefore those establishment parties who had violated the constitutional right of the Republikaner to equal treatment, as well as to the freedoms of expression and assembly. 

The Encylopedie of Diderot and d Alembert was the manifesto of the French Enlightenment. It was an ideological statement as well as a wonderfully optimistic account of the role of science and its practitioners in the progress of civilization. Progress is one of the key terms in the Enlightenment, and it assumes the perfectibility of humankind and the improvement of material culture. It was at least the incubator of the ideas of democracy and equality, the intellectual precursor of the constructive side of the French Revolution of 1789. 

There is no branch of our science which is to be crowned king and leader. Chemistry is a pure democracy, and all are equal therein. 

In 1994, President Bill Clinton issued Executive Order 12898, requiring all federal agencies to make achieving environmental justice part of their mission . The federal government s definition of environmental justice has two parts equal protection from environmental and health hazards, and equal access to the decision-making processes that create a healthy environment in which to live, learn, and work. EJ is about fair treatment, and about expanding democracy to include everyone who is affected by a decision. 

Among the major social theorists, Tocqueville is the only who accords major importance to envy. In Democracy in America as well as in The Old Regime, ideas related to envy, equality, and mobility form a central explanatory cluster. I discuss the books in the chronological order of their subject matter rather than in their order of publication. 

There is an important philosophical point here that must not go unremarked. We see that the sloping landscape of atomic diameter, with its occasional gentle rises, is the outcome of a competition of finely balanced forces. The effect of nuclear attraction only just dominates the landscape were it a little weaker, the kingdom would tilt the other way. This determination of landscape by almost equally balanced forces is characteristic of the landscape of the kingdom in all kinds of lights—and it is characteristic of chemistry as a whole. That is why chemistry is such a subtle subject, one where observations are so difficult to predict, for it is difficult to assess whether one particular effect or another will dominate. The kingdom is like a parliamentary democracy with almost equal party representation sometimes the left will win, sometimes the right. 

How does American democracy promote both political equality and equality of conditions ... 

I believe that American democracy promotes both political equality and equality of conditions through the mechanism of a strong central government, and I also believe that this emphasis on equality is an important reason why democratic society in America is similar to democratic society in postrevolutionary France. 

In this paper, the relevant issues and the proposed redefinitions are reviewed. One of the consequences of these possible redefinitions is that values of many of the fundamental constants, when expressed in the new units, would be exact and many others would have reduced uncertainties. Another possibly surprising result is that the new definitions could be made in such a way that the distinction between base units and derived units, presently specified in the SI, would become unnecessary and could be eliminated. This might be called unit democracy, in which all SI units have equal status. In principle, this scheme could be extended to include an analogous redefinition of the second, but this would have to await improved accuracy in the relevant experiments and theory. Constraints on timing of the proposed redefinitions, which could take effect as early as 2011, will be described. 

One way to describe this approach to policy is to see it as a practical application of the type of democratic theory that emphasizes communication and collective self-development. In general terms, democracy of this sort is based on substantive equality of individual participation in decision-making (democratic elections, civil liberties, equal access to the levers of political influence), a public space for popular discussion of... 

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