Epoxy E-glass

Chopped glass/polyester Chopped E-glass/epoxy E-glass fabric/epoxy... 

Epoxy and filled epoxy Silicones and filled silicones Bis-maleimide triazine (BT) resin BT-Epoxy E-glass laminate Epoxy-E-glass laminate Polyimide-E-glass laminate Poly(tetrafluoroethylene)-E-glass laminate Polyimide-E-glass laminate Polyester film Polyimide film... 

Epoxy (including 3 modifications) Several kinds of glass fibers and epoxy E-glass roving in polyester and vinylester... 

Kevlar 29 satin weave/Fiberite 934 epoxy E-glass/epoxy 46... 

Figure 14.3. Typical comparison of conventional Henderson-type temperature prediction vs. real temperature data obtained with embedded thermocouples in an epoxy-E-glass plaque.

Figure 14.4. Experimental and Predicted Temperature and Mass Loss Profiles for an Epoxy/E-glass...

The use of this simple correlation as the basis of a novel predictive combustion module, linked to the Henderson model, has been presented recently by McCarthy et al. [58], within a novel finite difference code which achieves good predictivity of both the plaque temperature and mass loss of an epoxy/E-glass composite under an imposed asymmetric heat load of 50 kW/m in a standard cone calorimeter experiment (Figure 14.4). This is despite the fact that the gas-phase combustion has been simplified as that of pure methane, when in reality a more complex gas mixture is released by most epoxy resin formulations, before accounting for any volatile emissions from included fire-retardants. 

A hybrid composite material is made up of 20% HS carbon fibres by weight and 30% E-glass fibres by weight in an epoxy matrix. If the density of the epoxy is 1300 kg/m and the data in Fig. 3.2 may be used for the fibres, calculate the density of the composite. 

As with the maximum stress failure criterion, the maximum strain failure criterion can be plotted against available experimental results for uniaxial loading of an off-axis composite material. The discrepancies between experimental results and the prediction in Figure 2-38 are similar to, but even more pronounced than, those for the maximum stress failure criterion in Figure 2-37. Thus, the appropriate failure criterion for this E-glass-epoxy composite material still has not been found. 

Results for this criterion are plotted in Figure 2-40 along with the experimental data for E-glass-epoxy. The agreement between the Tsai-Hill failure criterion and experiment is quite good. Thus, a suitable failure criterion has apparently been found for E-glass-epoxy laminae at various orientations in biaxial stress fields. 

The Tsai-Hill failure criterion appears to be much more applicable to failure prediction for this E-glass-epoxy composite material than either the maximum stress criterion or the maximum strain failure criterion. Other less obvious advantages of the Tsai-Hill failure criterion are ... 

For E-glass-epoxy, the Tsai-Hill failure criterion seems the most accurate of the criteria discussed. However, the applicability of a particular failure criterion depends on whether the material being studied is ductile or brittle. Other composite materials might be better treated with the maximum stress or the maximum strain criteria or even some other criterion. 

Figure 3-53 Photoelastic Stress Patterns for Three E-glass Fibers Embedded in an Epoxy Matrix (Courtesy of Materials Sciences Corporation)...

The example considered to illustrate the strength-analysis procedure is a three-layered laminate with a [4-15°/-15°/+15°] stacking sequence [4-10]. The laminae are the same E-glass-epoxy as in the cross-ply laminate example with thickness. 005 in (.1270 mm), so that the total laminate thickness is. 015 in (.381 mm). In laminate coordinates, the transformed reduced stiffnesses are... 

For two- and three-layered cross-ply and angle-ply laminates of E-glass-epoxy, Tsai [4-10] tabulates all the stiffnesses, inverse stiffnesses, thermal forces and moments, etc. Results are obtained for various cross-ply ratios and lamination angles, as appropriate, from a short computer program that could be used for other materials. 

Reinforced plastics (RPs) hold a special place in the design and manufacturing industry because they are unique materials (Figs. 6-11 and 6-12). During the 1940s, RPs (or low-pressure laminates, as they were then commonly known) was easy to identify. The basic definition then, as now, is simply that of a plastic reinforced with either a fibrous or nonfibrous material. TSs such as polyester (Table 6-19) and E-glass fiber dominated and still dominates the field. Also used are epoxies. 

In order to define the volume-fraction u of the mesophase for the particular composite studied, which was either a iron-epoxy particulate, or a E-glass-epoxy... 

Fig. 5. Typical DSC-traces for the specific-heat jumps at the glass transition regions of iron-epoxy particulates, or E-glass fiber-epoxy composites and the mode of evaluation of ACp s...

As soon as the Ar s were determined and the values of r s are found, the values of the adhesion coefficient A may be readily defined by using relation (27). The values of A s for the different fiber-volume contents studied are given in Table II for E-glass fiber-epoxy resin composites with different amounts of fillers, up to 70 percent 22 >. 

Table 2. The values of the characteristic parameters of a series of E-glass fiber, epoxy resin unidirectional composites for various fiber volume contents t>f... 

Fig. 15. The variation of the adhesion coefficient A = (ri, — t 2) for the three-term unfolding model and the exponent 2r for the two-term model of a series of E-glass-epoxy fiber composites, versus the fiber-volume content uf...

Fig. 17 presents the variation of the terms E((rf/r)n> and Em(rf/r), i in the mesophase layer for a 65 percent E-glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resin, as they have been derived from Eq. (48). It is wortwhile indicating the smooth transition of the Ermodulus to the Em-modulus at the region r == rf. Similar behaviour present all other compositions. 

Fig. 18. The variation of the elastic moduli of mesophases, versus the polar distance r from the fiber-matrix boundary, for a series of E-glass-epoxy fiber reinforced composites...

See also Albumin Eggplant, citric acid in, 6 632t E-glass-epoxy laminates, 17 843 E-glass fibers, 26 758 Egyptian Giza cotton, 8 2 Egyptian mummies... 

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