Epithelial patterns

Nonciliated cells separate fields of ciliated epithelial cells from each other. Synchronized ciliary movement, with a beat frequency in human proximal airways under normal conditions of 8-15 EIz, propels mucus along the mucociliary escalator at a rate of up to 25 mm/min. Beat frequencies appear to slow to roughly 7 Hz in more distal airways. Cilia move in the same direction and in phase within each field but cilia in adjacent fields move in slightly different directions and are phase shifted. These beat patterns result in metachronal waves that steadily move mucus at higher velocities ( -12-18 mm/min) than would be achievable by summing the motion of individual cilia. 

Shafaa, MW, Diehl, HA, and Socaciu, C, 2007. The solubilisation pattern of lutein, zeaxanthin, canthaxanthin and beta-carotene differ characteristically in liposomes, liver microsomes and retinal epithelial cells. Biophys Chem 129, 111-119. 

Perou CM et al. Distinctive gene expression patterns in human mammary epithelial cells and breast cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999 96 9212-9217. 

Karsten, U., Serttas, N., Paulsen, H., Danielczyk, A., and Goletz, S. (2004) Binding patterns of DTR-specific antibodies reveal a glycosylation-conditioned tumor-specific epitope of the epithelial mucin (MUC1). Glycobiology 14(8), 681-692. 

With an increase in pH, there is an increased absorption of mercuric chloride [6, 7], whereas accumulation of mercury in the intestinal tissue decreases. Mercury absorption is inversely proportional to its accumulation in the tissue. An increase in water absorption due to hypotonicity or an increase in concentration of sodium ions or urea increases the mercury absorption and accumulation in the epithelial cell, without change in the intracellular distribution pattern [8], Thus, the absorption of mercury is thought to accompany the solvent drag and to be influenced by pH change in the intestinal lumen. 

Moll R, Franke WW, Vole Platzer B, Krepler R (1982b) Different keratin polypeptides in epider mis and other epithelia of human skin a specific cytokeratin of molecular weight 46,000 in epithelia of the pilosebaceous tract and basal cell epitheliomas. J Cell Biol 95(1) 285 295 Moll R, Krepler R, Franke WW (1983) Complex cytokeratin polypeptide patterns observed in certain human carcinomas. Differentiation 23(3) 256 269 Moll R, Dhouailly D, Sun TT (1989) Expression of keratin 5 as a distinctive feature of epithelial and biphasic mesotheliomas. An immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibody AE14. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol 58(2) 129 145 Moll R, Schiller DL, Franke WW (1990) Identification of protein IT of the intestinal cytoskeleton as a novel type I cytokeratin with unusual properties and expression patterns. J Cell Biol 111(2) 567 580... 

Incubation times of 0.5-1 h are required for detection of mRNA levels (which return to base-line levels by 24 h), and incubation times in excess of 4 h are needed before protein secretion is detected. This transient expression of IL-8 is in contrast to the pattern of production by monocytes, epithelial cells and fibroblasts, which show expression that persists for up to 24 h after stimulation. IL-8 (and related NAP-like peptides) is a powerful neutrophil chemoattractant and, in combination with cytochalasin B, can induce degranulation and activation of the respiratory burst ( 3.5.5). 

Fig. 10.19 Lack of toxic effects of CM fullerene on breast epithelial cells. Cm does not inhibit cell proliferation. MCF 10A and (A) MDA MB 231 (B) breast cancer cell lines were cultured either in the absence or presence of methanol C60 and cell proliferation was assayed by crystal violet staining. Control, no C 1 Opg Cm, A 50 pg Cm, X 250 pg CM. (C). MDA MB 231 cells were simultaneously stained with calcein and ethidium using a live-dead assay kit. Lack of red-colored cells and the presence of cells stained in green indicate the lack of toxicity (D). MDA MB 231 cells were either untreated (open box) cultured with varying amounts 10 (gray ), 50 (patterned ) and lOOpg (filled ) of C60 for 48 h and analyzed for cell cycle progression by flow cytometry (Levi et al., 2006) (See Color Plates)...

Table 11.3 Summary of the Expression Pattern and Activities of Phase I and Phase II Metabolic Enzymes and Various Peptidases/Proteases in Human Peripheral Lung Tissues, Primary Rat AEC Culture and Human Alveolar Epithelial Cell Line, A549.

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