Epithelial cells doses

These experiments demonstrated that monolayers of bovine mammary epithelial cells do not accumulate glucose in a Na -dependent manner. The uptake of glucose reaches a maximum during the growth phase of the cells and diminishes as the cells reach confluency. The transport system(s) is regulated by the glucose concentration in the culture medium. 

To avoid these problems, we often make a slight lap joint, or shcky-end ligation , in which the cut edges of the deep cells and epithelial cells do not coincide. One end of an explant is cut off squarely, and several rows of epithelial cells are lifted off the deep region at the edge, with the eyebrow hair ( 1, Fig. 9C). This operahon is repeated on the opposite side. A cut is then... 

Epithelial cells express but do not apically localize Pins, and do not express Insc. We have previously shown that ectopically expressed Insc localizes to the apical cortex in wild-type epithelial cells (Kraut et al 1996). Interestingly, ectopic Insc expression causes Pins, which is normally localized to the lateral cortex, to localize to the apical cortex. Conversely, apical localization of ectopically expressed Insc is dependent on pins. Insc ectopically expressed in Pins- epithelial cells does not localize as an apical crescent it adopts a cytoplasmic distribution which is enriched towards the apical side of the cell during interphase and is undetectable during mitosis, presumably due to rapid degradation. This instability of ectopically expressed Insc may be why the 90° rotation in the mitotic spindles which occurs as a consequence of Insc ectopic expression in the wild-type epithelial cells no longer occurs when Insc is expressed in Pins-embryos. These results indicate that Insc is necessary and sufficient for the recruitment of Pins to the apical cortex of wild-type epithelial cells. 

Attempts to study the entry of ES products into cells using markers of fluid phase endocytosis yielded unexpected results. When larvae browse resistant IEC-6 cells in the presence of extracellular fluorescent dextran, dextran enters the cytoplasm of a significant proportion of the cells in the mono-layer (Butcher et al., 2000). The parameters of dextran entry are most compatible with the conclusion that larvae wound the plasma membranes of IEC-6 cells that is, they create transient breaches in the membrane that allow impermeant markers to enter the cell (McNeil and Ito, 1989). Wounding is considered to be a common occurrence in intestinal epithelia (McNeil and Ito, 1989). Injured cells are able to heal their wounds by recruiting vesicles to seal the breach (Steinhardt et al., 1994). In an experimental system, healing allows the injured cell to retain cytoplasmic dextran. In epithelial cell cultures inoculated with T. spiralis larvae, the relationship between glycoprotein delivery and injury of plasma membranes is not clear, i.e. dextran-laden cells do not always stain with Tyv-specific antibodies and... 

Ionized or charged organic moieties do not readily pass through the lipophilic cell membranes of the epithelial cells that line the GI tract. Thus more acidic molecules tend to be more readily absorbed from the stomach while more alkaline materials tend to be absorbed from the small intestine. This is because at the acidic pH of the stomach, acidic chemicals tend to be nonionized. More alkaline chemicals tend to be more ionized in the stomach and less ionized in the gut. The equilibrium reaction for acidic dissociation can be represented by this equation ... 

Proud D, Subauste MC, Ward PE (1994) Glucocorticoids do not alter peptidase expression on a human bronchial epithelial cell line. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 11(1) 57—65. 

E. coli strains. E. coli 0157 H7 strains lack efal, but do encode toxB, a tnmcated version of the efal gene. A toxB mutant exhibits reduced adherence to cultured epithelial cells (Stevens et ah, 2004). However, toxB had an indirect effect on adherence to epithelial cells by modulating the production and secretion of proteins that play a role for A/E formation in EHEC. The receptors for Efal and ToxB have not been identified and their true role in vivo is unknown. 

With pKas of 3.8 to 4.8, these are the most abundant conjugated bile acids, (representing >70% of bile). It should be noted that conjugation restricts their entry into the epithelial cells, ensuring that they remain within the intestinal lumen and do not leak into the intra-cellular spaces to damage other organs. However, at pH values approaching their pKa values, they become un-ionised and can cross intestinal membranes to a certain extent. 

The answer is A. Lung surfactant reduces surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli to increase pulmonary compliance and facilitate exchange of gases dissolved in that fluid from inspired air into the airway epithelial cells and eventually by diffusion into the blood. Although all the other options represent properties of water or solutions, they have nothing to do with the properties of surfactant. 

---