Eotaxin eosinophil chemoattraction

P9. Ponath, P. D., Qin, S., Ringler, D. I., Clark-Lewis, I., Wang, I., Kassam, N., Smith, H., Shi, X., Gonzalo, J. A., Newman, W., Gutierrez-Ramos, I. C., and Mackay, C. R., Cloning of the human eosinophil chemoattractant, eotaxin. Expression, receptor binding, and functional properties suggest a mechanism for the selective recruitment of eosinophils. J. Clin. Invest. 97, 604-612... 

JOSE, P.H., GRIFFITHS-JOHNSON, D.A., COLLINS, P.D., WALSH, D.T., MOQBEL, R TOTTY, N.F., TRUONG, O., HSUAN, J.J. WILLIAMS, TJ. (1994) Eotaxin a potent eosinophil chemoattractant cytokine detected in a guinea pig model of allergic airways inflammation. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 179, 881-887. 

Rothenberg, M.E., Luster, A.D., and Leder, P. (1995) Murine eotaxin An eosinophil chemoattractant inducible in endothelial cells and in interleukin 4-induced tumor suppression. Proceedir ... 

Eotaxin is a selective and potent eosinophil chemoattractant. When administered to the airways or into the peritoneal cavity, the chemokine induces eosinophil accumulation (30,44-46). Intradermally injected eotaxin induces rapid eosinophil recruitment in guinea pigs (31,32,47), mice (48), and rats (49), an effect that is inhibited by monoclonal antibodies to 04 and P2 integrins, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 when tested in the rat (49). In addition, studies in the rhesus monkey have shown that eotaxin and eotaxin-2 are effective in recruiting eosinophils locally in the skin (39,42). 

Jose, P. J., Adcock, I. M., D. A. Griffiths-Jolmson, Berkman, N., Wells, T. N. C., Williams, T. J., and Power, C. A. (1994) Eotaxin Cloning of an eosinophil chemoattractant cytokine and increased mRNA expression in allergen-challenged guinea-pig lungs. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 205, 788—794. 

Y6. Ying, S., Meng, Q., Zeibecoglou, K., Robinson, D. S., Macfarlane, A., Humbert, M., and Kay, A. B., Eosinophil chemotactic chemokines (eotaxin, eotaxin-2, RANTES, monocyte chemoattractant protein-3 (MCP-3), and MCP-4), and C-C chemokine receptor 3 expression in bronchial biopsies from atopic and nonatopic (intrinsic) asthmatics. J. Immunol. 163,6321—6329 (1999). 

Crump, M. P Rajarathnam, K., Kim, K.-S., Clark-Lewis, I., and Sykes, B. D. Solution structure of the chemokine eotaxin an eosinophil specific chemoattractant. J. Biol. Chem. in press. 

Ying, S., Robinson, D.S., Meng, Q., Barata, L.T., McEuen, A.R. et al. (1999) C-C chemokines in allergen-induced late-phase cutaneous responses in atopic subjects association of eotaxin with early 6-hour eosinophils, and of eotaxin-2 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-4 with the later 24-hour tissue eosinophilia, and relationship to basophils and other C- C chemokines (Monocyte chemoattractant... 

Until 3 yr ago, only a dozen or so chemokines were known. It was clear then that IL-8 and related CXC chemokines were primarily active on neutrophils, whereas the CC chemokines, including MIP-la, MIP-ip, MCP-1 and RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), were active on various subpopulations of mononuclear cells as well as granulocytes other than neutrophils. In addition, the first CC chemokines were shown to have some selectivity towards different subsets of leukocytes, e.g., RANTES for monocytes, memory T cells, eosinophils, basophils, NK cells and dendritic cells, whereas the activity of MIP-ip appeared more restricted to monocytes, T cells, NK cells, and hematopoietic progenitors. Other CC chemokines appear highly specific, for instance, eotaxin, which only appears to be a chemoattractant for eosinophils. 

From the studies performed in vitro and in vivo there are several mechanisms whereby eotaxin may participate to recruit eosinophils into inflammatory sites, namely the release of eosinophils and their progenitors from the bone marrow, upregulation of adhesion molecules, chemoattraction and stimulation of other effector functions. 

Garcia-Zepeda, E. A., Rothenberg, M. E., Ownbey, R, T., Celestln, J., Leder, P., and Luster, A. D. (1996) Human eotaxin is a specific chemoattractant for eosinophil cells and provides a new mechanism to explain tissue eosinophilia. Nature Med. 2, 449-456. 

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