Enzymes, literature survey

The candidate gene approach directly tests the association of selected genes with drug response or ADR. The major sources of candidates which code for receptor, enzyme or ADME targets, are obtained through literature surveys. Most pharma-... 

Hulst, A. C. and Tramper, J. 1989. Immobilised plant cells A literature survey. Enzyme Microbiology and Technology, 11 546-558. 

Immobilization of Enzymes a literature survey in Immobilization of Enzymes and Cells (ed. ).M. Guisan) 2nd edn, Springer Verlag, New York, pp. 15-30. 

Hulst, A. C., Tkamper, J., Immobilized Plant Cells A Literature Survey , Enzyme Microb. Technol. U (1989) 546-558. 

Hulst AC, Tramper J (1989) Immobilized plant cells a literature survey. Enzyme Microb Technol 11 546-558... 

A patent literature survey shows that enzymes deliver several other benefits in various cleaning areas. In cleaning, they improve the performance of detergents for blood-... 

Table 2. Sub-cellular Localization of the Enzymes, through Literature Survey, GeneDB and UniProtKB. The enzyme names marked in bold and italicized are the ones that are present exclusively in the L. major pathogen.

Barisci, J.N., Conn, C., Wallace, G.G., 1996. Conducting polymer sensors. Trends Polym. Sci. 4, 301—311. Brena, B., Gonzalez-Pombo, P., Batista-Viera, F., 2013. Immobilization of enzymes a literature survey. Methods Mol Biol. 1051, 15—31. 

Brena, B.M., Viera, F.B., 2006. Immobilization of Enzymes a Literature Survey. Methods in Biotechnology Immobilization of Enzymes and Cells, second ed. Humana Press Inc, Totowa, NJ. Springer 15—30. Brodie, B.C., 1859. On the atomic weight of graphite. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 149, 249—259. Brodie, B.C., 1860. Hydration behavior and dynamics of water molecules in graphite oxide. Ann. Chim. Phys. 59, 466-472. 

Many herbicides and other chemicals have been reported to influence levels of various phenolic compounds in higher plants by unknown mechanisms. It is unlikely that more than a few of these compounds have a primary influence on secondary phenolic compound synthesis. For instance, in our survey of the effects of 17 herbicides on anthocyanin accumulation, only glyphosate appeared to directly influence accumulation (31). The effects of several compounds on secondary phenolic compound production for which the mechanism of influence is unknown are summarized in Table II. A much longer list could be derived from the literature. Unfortunately, many of these compounds are phytotoxic or are known to have effects other than on secondary aromatic compound production. In most cases the effects on these compounds correlate well with extractable PAL activity (31, 71, 72, 73, 74) (Figure 5), even though they do not directly affect the enzyme. 

In addition there is at least one area where enzyme-catalysed reactions have established themselves as the first line of attack for solving synthetic problems that area involves the transformations of carbohydrates. Indeed, biocatalysed transformations of saccharides is becoming increasingly popular and roughly 10% of the recent literature (Year 2000) on biotransformations involves the preparation and modification of carbohydrates. Early literature on chemoenzy-matic approaches for the synthesis of saccharides and mimetics has been reviewed by a pioneer in the field, C.-H. Wong[158]. For one of the most popular areas, enzyme-catalysed glycosylation reactions, a useful survey is also available, penned by the same senior author[159]. 

It appears from a survey of the literature that the essential properties of micelles in nonpolar solvents are understood, namely their stability and variations of size, the dissociation behavior, and their solubilizing capacities. Reverse micelles can dissolve relatively large amounts of water (1-10% w/v depending on emulsion formula) as well as polar solutes and, of course, water-soluble compounds. Consequently, they can be used as media for a number of reactions, including enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Very few attempts to investigate such reverse micelles at subzero temperatures are known, in spite of the fact that hydrocarbon solutions present very low freezing points. 

PLK-1 is a relatively novel kinase target and a number of naturally occurring, broadly active kinase inhibitors are being considered as starting points for the design of more selective inhibitors of this enzyme. These compounds will be presented first, followed by a summary of the data available for the only clinical candidate reported up to this time, BI-2536 (103), and a survey of the literature on the chemical series now being pursued by the pharmaceutical industry. A recent review of this topic is also available [256]. 

The topic of low-barrier hydrogen bonds (LBHBs) and the question of how they are involved in enzyme function has been discussed heavily in the literature recently. Hydrogen bonds between two bases of nearly matched proton affinity often exhibit strongly perturbed bond lengths and spectroscopic parameters it remains somewhat unclear exactly how the spectroscopic parameters reflect total energy or reactivity. In this study, we report H NMR chemical shift data and surveys of structural preferences for the well-studied 0-H---0 systems, and also for less studied, but biologically important N-H-0 systems, in particular the imidazole and imidazolium functionality. The H shifts also show interesting trends in comparison with O-H-O motifs, which will require further scrutiny. 

This book is a view of enzyme catalysis by a physico-chemist with long-term experience in the investigation of structure and action mechanism of biological catalysts. This book is not intended to provide an exhaustive survey of each topic but rather a discussion of their theoretical and experimental background, and recent developments. The literature of enzyme catalysis is so vast and many scientists have made important contribution in the area, that it is impossible in the space allowed for this book to give a representative set of references. The author has tried to use reviews, and general principles of articles. He apologizes to those he has not been able to include. 

A survey of the literature of enzyme purification suggests that there has been uncertainty as to the most satisfactory salt concentration increment to use at each step. The theory that we have discussed provides some guidance on this point. It would appear that a span of from 5 to 10 in the percentage saturation with ammonium sulfate, if properly chosen, should provide the best compromise between good purification and good yield. It also appears that repetition of salt fractionation under the same conditions is unlikely to be very useful, but that repetition under different conditions may contribute a considerable further purification. 

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