Environmental quality Emissions

An important public goal that has been expressed for an envisioned hydrogen energy system is that it could improve environmental quality. The committee in its report has limited its formal, quantitative analysis to one aspect of environmental quality—emissions of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. Other effects of switching to hydrogen fuels and fuel cell vehicles are discussed in various chapters. The committee believes that it will be important to consider environmental impacts in addition to those formally analyzed or discussed in this report if the goal of environmental quality is to be successfully achieved. 

Mational Air Quality Emissions Trends Keport, 1989, Pub. No. EPA-450/4-91-003, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,... 

MSC Facihties are required to meet some of the toughest environmental air emission standards in the country. Complying with these standards makes modern waste combustors among the cleanest producers of electricity—and may even provide a means of improving a community s overall air quality. 

Sommer SG, Petersen SO, Sogaard HP. Greenhouse gas emission form stored livestock slurry. Journal of Environmental Quality. 2000 29 744-751. 

Casey JW, Holden NM. Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Conventional, Agri-Envi-ronmental Scheme, and Organic Irish Suckler-Beef. Journal of Environmental Quality. 2006 35 231-239. DOI 10.2134/jeq2005.0121... 

The WFD, so far, has identified 33 priority hazardous pollutants (PHS), for which Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) have been set. To some extent, these EQS can be met through the establishment of emission control measures. These PHS may originate from several different sources and activities. The main sources of toxic substances to water bodies in Europe may be categorised as agriculture, sewage treatment plants, urban runoff, industry, contaminated lake/ river sediment, soils and landfills. Input via atmospheric transport and deposition has also been identified as an important source both far from and close to source areas. Many of the PS are today banned in Europe, but due to their persistence they are still present in the environment [30]. 

Anthropogenic Mercury Air Emissions in Michigan. Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. 

Effect-based critical limits for soils and ground water have been derived or are under development in various countries for multiple purposes (Radojevic and Bashkin, 1999). These criteria can be used to assess the environmental quality of a site or area, to set priorities in control measures and to derive emission reduction goals. Most of the values are derived from comparable starting points such as protecting terrestrial population, water supply, food quality, and finally, animal and human health. 

Fukui Y, Doskey PV. 1996. An enclosure technique for measuring nonmethane organic compound emissions from grasslands. Journal of Environmental Quality. 25 601-610. 

Improvements in efficiency along with major efforts to redirect energy use towards improved environmental quality would not only reduce emissions but there would be many other benefits. 

Limit value (LV) The limit at or below which Member States of the European Community must set their environmental quality standards and emission standards. These limits are set by Community Directives. 

Furnace temperatures have also been shown to be important in controlling the formation of COS. While COS has little effect on the downstream Claus catalyst efficiency its presence in the gas stream leads to higher loading of the reductive tail gas clean-up processes (e.g. SCOT, BSR, see environment) or to higher SO2 emissions in the stack gas. The recent developments regarding the control of its formation in the front end furnace are thus a significant contribution to the improvement of environmental quality control. 

The TOCDF QRA estimates the risk to the public and workers from accidental releases of chemical agent associated with all activities during storage at DCD and throughout the disposal process at the TOCDF. The HRA, which was conducted by the Utah Division of Solid and Hazardous Waste (Department of Environmental Quality), is a screening analysis to estimate possible off-site human health risks associated with exposure to airborne emissions from the TOCDF under normal and upset conditions. The HRA also estimates risks to wildlife and the environment. 

Impurities in the drying atmosphere are exhausted in the air and have been referred to as "blue haze." One company has made substantial progress in collecting the blue haze emissions in a duct where they are directed through a series of water showers, filters and other equipment. Then the water is evaporated leaving a heavy liquefied residue which is collected on a stainless steel belt and deposited in storage vats. Currently this residue is being used as a fuel supplement, but some feel that it may be a future source for development of new chemicals. Apparently, this process meets Environmental Quality Standards with reference to air pollution. 

Environmental quality standards for chemical substances in groundwater and soil are important for many soil quality decisions. Examples include emission reduction measures during the marketing authorization of chemicals, soil and land use decision making and risk management, as well as soil remediation. 

Two public goals—environmental quality, especially the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and energy security—provide the policy foundation for the hydrogen programs of the DOE (DOE, 2003a). The first of these goals... 

---