Environmental Protection Agency establishment

EPA. 1997b. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Establishment of cleanup levels for CERCLA sites with radioactive contamination (memorandum and attachments). OSWER No. 9200.4-18. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response. http //www.epa.gov/superfund/... 

The committee recommends that the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the Environmental Protection Agency establish de minimis levels for radionuclides, below which laboratory waste can be disposed of without regard to radioactivity. 

Note the words according to their capabilities and cost-effective —there is neither any indication that measures should be taken that a particular state simply cannot effect, nor that there should be no consideration of the costs of the measures. The EU has enshrined the principle in law, but it is not without its critics and has had unintended consequences in some areas. The US Environmental Protection Agency, established in 1970, is responsible for much useful environmental law. In 1988, it eased the restrictions imposed by the Delaney Clause (1958) that forbade the use as a food additive of any substance that had been shown to cause cancer in man or experimental animals, where the risks were very slight. 

Describe the rationale for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency s establishment of a standard reference method for measurement of National Ambient Air Quality Standard air pollutants. 

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has established National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for protection of human health and welfare. These standards are defined in terms of concentration and hme span for a specific pollutant for example, the NAAQS for carbon monoxide is 9 ppmV for 8 hr, not to be exceeded more than once per year. For a state or local government to establish compliance with a National Ambient Air Quality Standard, measurements of the actual air quality must be made. To obtain these measurements, state and local governments have established stationary monitoring networks with instrumentation complying with federal specifications, as discussed in Chapter 14. The results of these measurements determine whether a given location is violating the air quality standard. 

In order to minimize the collection of questionable air quality data, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has established and implemented... 

Regulation of aircraft engine emissions has been made a national responsibility by law in the United States. The Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for establishing emission limits of aircraft engines, and the Secretary of Transportation is required to prescribe regulations to ensure compliance with these limits. 

In the United States, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA) is the major legislation covering the disposal of solid and hazardous wastes (2). This act provides a multifaceted approach to solving the problems associated with the generation of approximately 5 billion metric tons of solid waste each year in the United States. It places particular emphasis on the regulation of hazardous wastes. This law established the Office of Solid Waste within the Environmental Protection Agency and directed the agency to publish hazardous waste characteristics and criteria. 

The Clean Air Act is the comprehensive Federal law that regulates air en stationary, and mobile sources. This law authorizes the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) to protect public health and the environment. The goal of the Act was to set and achieve NAAQS in every state by 1975. This ng of maximum pollutant standards was coupled with directing the states to develop state... 

Recently, much emphasis has been put on the harmful effects of small particles, i.e., particulate matter (PM), on human health. A number of standards have been established to characterize the PM fractions in the air and their effects on human health. A widely used PM standard in force in both Europe and the United States is based on the mass concentration of particles with a diameter of 10 gm or less (PMjo). However, recently the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed a new standard that is based on the aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 gm particles. This new standard emphasizes the significant impact of small particles on human health, especially on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. 4 ... 

National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) have been established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for the following six criteria air pollutants ... 

The environmental impact of SOj emissions has gained much attention over the past ten years. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) went into effect in 1989. The ruling covers new, modified, and reconstructed FCC units since January 1994. It should be noted that the Southern California Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) board has established a limit of 60 kilograms of SO per 1,000 barrels of feed for the existing FCC units. 

Guidelines Establishing Test Procedures for the Analysis of Pollutants Proposed Regulations," U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Register, 44, pp. 69464-69575, 1979. Bauer, Edward L. "A Statistical Manual for Chemists" Academic Press New York, New York, 1971. 

CROMERRR, Establishment of Electronic Reporting Electronic Records, Proposed Rule, Federal Register, Vol. 66, No. 170, pp. 46161-46195, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC (2001). Also available on the World Wide Web http //www.epa.gov/cdx/ cromerr rule.pdf. 

Industrial scientists, therefore, hold a very high public trust. There is a need to go beyond the requirements of scientific canons and demonstrate to the lay public that its trust has been upheld. A number of industrial firms have recognized and responded to this need. Wilder, of Eastman Chemical, for example, describes a proactive pollution prevention policy developed in partnership with the Environmental Protection Agency.112 This work describes the key role of analytics in helping chemical manufacturers take leadership roles in redesigning processes for waste prevention. Since the analytical laboratory is a principal referee in the production process, there is always a risk that time pressures will tempt some members of the production team to "work the referee". An important function of the chain of command of the analytical laboratory, therefore, is establishing a clear operational policy to ensure that any such pressure does not reach the bench level ... 

Reflecting the enormous change in environmental attitudes, 20 million people attended Earth Day activities around the country on April 22, 1970, and Congress established the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1971 to protect air, water, soil, plants, and animals endangered by manufactured chemicals. Within a year of EPA s founding, it banned the use of DDT in the United States, prematurely some later argued. Other countries also phased out DDT. 

Recognizing the need to prevent pollution and minimize waste, governments, through their environmental protection agencies, should continue their catalytic role to promote, (with industry, research organizations and other relevant institutions) the establishment of a network that will allow the transfer of environmental protection technology. 

The federal government has developed regulations and advisories to protect individuals from the potential health effects of acrylonitrile in the environment. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends that acrylonitrile levels in water not exceed 0.058 ppb. Any release to the environment of more than 100 lb must be reported to the federal government. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has established a legally enforceable maximum limit of 2 ppm in workplace air for an 8-hour exposure over a 40-hour work week. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1995b. Water quality standards establishment of numeric criteria for priority toxic pollutants states compliance — revision of metals criteria. Fed. Reg. 60 (86) 22229-22237. 

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