Environmental Protection Agency approved methods

Key CL, chemiluminescence UV, ultraviolet IR, infrared FTIR, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy TOLAS, tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy IDS, indigo-5,5 -disulfon-ate ASTM, American Society for Testing and Materials ERA, US Environmental Protection Agency approved methods JIS, Japanese Industrial Standard WHO, World Health Organization selected methods n.a., not available. 

Askari et al. [15] have compared purge and trap, methanol immersion and hot solvent extraction methods for the determination of volatile organic compound in aged soil. These workers found that hot solvent extraction is much more effective than the US Environmental Protection Agency approved purge and trap technique [7, 8]. 

SFE instrument development has greatly been stimulated by the desire of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to replace many of their traditional liquid-solvent extraction methods by SFE with carbon dioxide. In the regulatory environment, EPA and FDA approved SFE and SFC applications are now becoming available. Yet, further development requires interlaboratory validation of methods. Several reviews describe analytical SFE applied to polymer additives [89,92,324]. 

The purpose of this chapter is to describe well-established analytical methods that are available for detecting and/or measuring and/or monitoring total petroleum hydrocarbons and their metabolites, as well as other biomarkers of the exposure and effect of total petroleum hydrocarbons. The intent is not to provide an exhaustive list of analytical methods. Rather, the intention is to identify well-established methods that are used as the standard methods approved by federal agencies and organizations such as the Environmental Protection Agency and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) or methods prescribed by state governments for water and soil analysis. Other methods... 

Lindquist and Dias [26] have described a Zymark Py Technology System which automates and integrates four methods total dissolved sohds (TDS) dried at 180°C, TDS residue on evaporation (TOS-ROE) dried at 103—10S°C, total suspended solids (TSS) dried at 103-10S°C, and total sohds (TS) dried at 103-10S°C. Approved Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or equivalent methods are used. A TurboVap Evaporator has been incorporated into the design to speed up the sample evaporation. 

The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) reporting requirements for effluent testing allow alternate methods of analysis to be substituted for the prescribed methods if prior approval has been obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) regional administrator having jurisdiction where the discharge occurs. 

The Environmental Protection Agency maintains a list of hundreds of elements and compounds classified as "hazardous and classifies hazardous wastes into four categories, as shown in the table on pages 158-159. Any company that produces solid wastes must determine on its own whether those wastes contain any hazardous waste under the EPAs definition. If it does, it is required to treat, store, and/or dispose of those wastes by some method that has been approved by the EPA. 

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has approved several methods for the extraction of pollutants from environmental samples. These standard methods are listed under EPA publication SW-846, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste Physical/Chemical Methods [1], Many of them were approved only in the last decade. Automated Soxhlet was promulgated in 1994, SFE and ASE in 1996, and MAE in 2000. The Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) has published its own standard extraction methods for the food, animal feed, drug, and cosmetics industries [2], Some extraction methods have also been approved by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) [3], Table 3.1 summarizes the standard methods from various sources. 

Supplement to the 15 th edn. of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water. Selected Analytical Methods Approved and Cited by the US Environmental Protection agency. American Public Health Association, American Waterworks Association, Water Pollution Control Federation, Sept. (1978). Methods S60 and S63. Methods for benzidine, chlorinated organic compounds, pentachlorophenol and pesticides in water and waste water (Interim, Pending issuance of methods for organic analysis of water and wastes, Sept. 1978), Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory (EMSL). 

Supplement to the 15th edn. of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water. Selected Analytical Methods Approved and Cited by US Environmental Protection Agency, American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Pollution Control Federation. Method S51 September (1978). 

Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) is a fairly new extraction method that was approved recently by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as Method 3545. The extraction is done in a closed vessel at elevated temperatures (50° to 200°C) and pressures (1500-2000 psi). 

Payment of costs of demonstration of radon mitigation methods and technologies as approved by the Administrator, including State participation in the Environmental Protection Agency Home Evaluation Program. 

CE has been applied to anion and cation analysis during the last 15 years. This technique constitutes a viable alternative to ion chromatography. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) has already approved a CE method for determining hexavalent chromium (in Region VII) and is currently... 

As microwave sample preparation has evolved, standard microwave procedures have been developed and approved by numerous standard methods organizations. Table 1 summarizes the different methods approved for either microwave drying or microwave acid dissolution by the Association of Official Analytical Chemistry (AOAC), American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA), Standard Method, and Erench and Chinese national methods. 

In the middle of 1980s, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) approved ion chromatography for the analysis of alkali and alkaline earth cations and ammonium in rain water and wet precipitation. In 1998, International Standard Organization (ISO) published Method 14911 ° for the simultaneous determination of dissolved alkali and alkaline earth cations, ammonia and manganese in water and wastewater using suppressed ion chromatography. 

To determine concentrations of PAHs in environmental media, approved methods (EPA SW-846 8270, SW-846 8310) are necessary provided that the detection limits are adequate for soil and groundwater protection. Generally, regulatory agencies will require at least one PAH analysis from the most contaminated sample from each source area, and the analysts must ensure that lab detection limits are appropriate for risk determination. 

---