Environmental effects wastewater

Manufacturing of olive oil is of fundamental economic importance for many Mediterranean countries (Tunisia, Italy, Greece, Spain. ..). However this process involves an intensive consumption of water and produces large amounts of Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW), that is released without any treatment into the aquatic environment causing deleterious environmental effects [1]. OMWs are a serious environmental and social problem in Mediterranean countries [2], due to the high pollutant load, seasonal discharge, type and quality of the pollutants and difficulties to find technically and economically favourable solution. 

Marin JM, Gracia-Lor E, Sancho JV et al (2009) Application of ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to the determination of multi-class pesticides in environmental and wastewater samples Study of matrix effects. J Chromatogr A 1216 1410-1420... 

Munkittrick, K.R. Servos, M.R. Carey, J.H. Van Der Kraak, G.J. Environmental impacts of pulp and paper wastewater evidence for a reduction in environmental effect at north American pulp mills since 1992. Water. Sci. Technol. 1997, 35 2-3), 329-338. 

The enormous quantity of research that has been done on environmental effects of ozone reflects its importance in atmospheric chemistry, disinfection, bleaching, and advanced technologies for wastewater treatment (47). 

R.H. Aldabbagh and M. Aldabbagh, Environmental Effects of Wastewater Emanation from Sulfur Mining..., Water Sci. Technol. 24(11), 181-187 (1991). 

Wcistewater - Wastewater from the process can originate from blowdown of cooling tower water to control dissolved solids and from boiler blowdown and water treatment plants. In all cases the water will contain dissolved salts that have a low environmental effect. 

Linear alkylbenzenesulfonate showed no deleterious effect on agricultural crops exposed to this material (54,55). Kinetics of biodegradation have been studied in both wastewater treatment systems and natural degradation systems (48,57,58). Studies have concluded that linear alkylbenzenesulfonate does not pose a risk to the environment (50). Linear alkylbenzenesulfonate has a half-life of approximately one day in sewage sludge and natural water sources and a half-life of one to three weeks in soils. Aquatic environmental safety assessment has also shown that the material does not pose a hazard to the aquatic environment (56). 

W. F. Nolte, "Effects of Elevated Pressure on Secondary Treatment of Wastewater," myidvances in Environmental S cience and Engineerings Vol. 4, Gordon and Breach Science PubHshers, New York, 1981, pp. 161—169. 

Liney, K.E., Hagger, J.A., and Tyler, C.R. et al. (2006). Health effects in fish of long-term exposure to effluents from wastewater treatment works. Environmental Health Perspectives 114, 81-89. 

Saski EK, A Vahatalo, K Salonen, MS Salkinoja-Salonen (1996b) Mesocosm simulation on sediment formation indnced by biologically treated bleached kraft pulp mill wastewater in freshwater recipients. In Environmental Fate and Effects of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents (Eds MR Servos, KR Munlittrick, JH Carey, and GJ van der Kraak), pp. 261-270. St Lucie Press, Delray Beach, FL. 

FMC. 1980. The environmental fate and effects of aryl phosphates and phenolics in wastewaters from the production of Kronitex phosphate esters. Technical report [microfiche 0518399], FMC Corporation, Princeton, NJ, 42. 

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