Environment, International Conventions

In the second case, two international conventions are seen as the most important sources of regulations for the storage of C02 in the marine environment ... 

Recently the protection of the environment has become increasingly important for industry with the requirement that the potential impact on the environment is considered for all aspects of industrial processes. Such considerations are supported by environmental legislation that controls all types of emissions as well as the treatment of wastes. Such legislation is based on global standards that have largely resulted from developments within the European Union, Japan, and the United States in collaboration with international conventions. Of these, the Basel Convention (1989) and the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro (1992) were significant in the control and prevention of wastes. In the case of liquid wastes that are most appropriate for treatment by liquid liquid extraction, limits for discharge into the aqueous environment have been established by the three countries already mentioned. These limits depend on the particular country and sometimes on the industry. (See section 14.6.)... 

At international level, the precautionary principle was first recognized in the World Charter for Nature, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1982 (EU 2000). It was subsequently incorporated into various international conventions on the protection of the environment. 

In 1997, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Governing Council decided that immediate international action should be taken to protect human health and the environment. International negotiations to reduce and eliminate the emission and discharges of an initial set of 12 POPs were initiated at the Stockholm Convention on POPs in May 2001. The 12 substances that were addressed at the Stockholm Convention were aldrin, endrin, dieldrin, dichlorodiphenyltrichoroethanes (DDTs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), chlordane, toxaphene, heptachlor, hex-achlorobenzene (HCB) and mirex. Basic information and status of major organochlorine pesticides in China are summarized in Table 8.1. 

At the same time, the project complies with important international conventions on environment protection (climate change, desertification, protection of ozone layer, etc.) ratified by Azerbaijan, such as ... 

The problem of obsolete pesticide stocks in developing countries became serious at the beginning of the 90s because of the risks for human health and the environment. After a decade with a number of individual disposal operations organised and financed by national aid organisations, the international community has put this issue on their agenda, aiming to solve the problem through a number of international conventions and activities, e.g. ... 

The Stockholm Convention to protect human health and the environment from persistent organic pollutants (POPs) became binding on May 17, 2004. POPs tend to be toxic, persistent, accumulative, and capable of traveling long distances in the environment. This Convention seeks to eliminate or restrict the production and use of such chemicals. The Kyoto Protocol, designed to decrease greenhouse gas emissions, has now become an international law, despite the resistance of several countries. 

Daniele Agostini Department for Global Environment, International and Regional Conventions, Italian Ministry for the Environment... 

Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether s former production and use in the textile industry and as solvent in natural and synthetic resins may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1.55 mm Hg at 25°C indicates that bis(2-chloroethyl)ether will exist solely as vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase bis(2-chloroethyl)ether will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5 days. If released into soil, bis(2-chloroethyl) ether has a high mobility. Many ethers are known to be resistant to biodegradation. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is an important fate process. If released into water, bis(2-chloroethyl)ether is not adsorbed by suspended solids and sediment in water. Volatilization from water surfaces is an important fate process. The volatilization half-life from a model river and a model lake is estimated as approximately 40 h and 16 days. Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether is a marine pollutant and its release to the sea is prohibited by the International Convention since 1973. ... 

The safety standards, incorporated into national legislation and regulations and supplemented by international conventions and detailed national requirements, establish a basis for protecting people and the environment. However, there will also be special aspects of safety that need to be assessed case by case at the national level. For example, many of the safety standards, particularly those addressing planning or design aspects of safety, are intended to apply primarily to new facilities and activities. The requirements and recommendations specified in the IAEA safety standards might not be fully met at some facilities built to earlier standards. The way in which the safety standards are to be applied to such facihties is a decision for individual States. 

Mayer C, Reinforcements for harsh and demanding environments, cutting-edge thermoplastic composite material solutions for oU and gas conduits, 2nd International Convention for Filament Winding Technology, Brussels, Oct 17 19 2001. 

The prevention of marine environment pollution, for instance, is regulated by the MARPOL Treaty. This international convention prohibits the disposal... 

International Institute for Environment and Development www.iied.org (accessed June 30, 2010). As an independent international research organization, we are specialists in linking local to global. In Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, Central and South America, the Middle East, and the Pacific, we work with some of the world s most vulnerable people to ensure they have a say in the policy arenas that most closely affect them—from village councils to international conventions (from Web site). 

The production and use of chlorine, as well as certain chlorinated substances bear risks for human health and the environment. International discussions are underway on legally-binding conventions and protocols thereof Matters of concern include the use of mercury, asbestos, chemicals having an ozone-depletion potential (e.g., chloro-... 

The prevention of marine environment pollution, for instance, is regulated by the MARPOL Treaty. This international convention prohibits the disposal of any plastics waste in the oceans, e.g., from ships or from offshore platforms. The International convention generated activities to check if biodegradable plastics used as an alternative to conventional polymers are suitable to be degraded in a marine environment [2]. A further problem exists from littering, where plastic items are washed away to the sea by rivers or blown by wind from tbe shores and can cause the death of numerous marine animals [3]. 

His accomplishments and contributions are legion. Dr. Della-Giustina was named a 2001 Hall of Fame award recipient at the National Safety Coimcil s international convention in Atlanta, where he was recognized as an acclaimed leader and pioneer for his innovative contributions and service to the safety, health, and environment industries. 

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