Enterprise solutions system

The Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) Chemical Management System (CMS) electronically integrates chemical tracking, procurement, and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS). ANL implemented its CMS in 1992 to address the need for an enterprise solution to track tens of thousands of cherrricals and MSDSs. In 1999, the CMS was expanded to include chemicals from ANL-West in Idaho Falls. 

The big players in the chemical industry have developed very powerful company-specific ERP systems (enterprise resource planning earlier this type of system was denoted as production planning and control) since the 1960s. The growing costs to maintain and adapt these systems have motivated the move to integrated standard business software systems in the last decade. The majority of the big chemical companies use SAP R/3 resp. SAP ERP from SAP AG other well-known solution vendors include Marcam (now part of Infor) and JD Edwards (now part of PeopleSoft resp. Oracle). 

These ideas are readily testable and therefore can constitute a research enterprise. For example, the hydrolysis of polyphosphates to monomeric phosphate is relatively fast in weak aqueous acid and warm temperatures. [129, 205] Curiously, however, the same acidity would promote thermal polyphosphate synthesis under the dehydrating conditions of the heated subterranean mineral pores within a hydrothermal system. Measurement of the stability of polyphosphates in microscopic environments where the activity of water might be low would test the phosphate-polyphosphate conjecture made above. If polyphosphates are not stabilized relative to bulk water solutions, as dissolved within micron-sized mineral pores or within vesicles, perhaps in the presence of dissolved organics, then this hypothesis is in danger. Additionally, the proposed production and delivery of polyphosphates by hydrothermal systems can be tested in an appropriate laboratory setting. 

Market and actors Relevant actors (e.g. chemicals manufacturers and downstream users, enterprises, R D, organisations, state, seienee) and type of market (form and intensity of eompetition, Fordist/quality-differentiated B2B or B2C 3 = eonsumer market, supply or demand dominated) Who is predominant (the system leader) Who performs which role in the ehain What business volume is at stake What are the substance quantities What about imports/exports What are the market shares of the various solution options What is the relative eontribution offered by the partieular substanee to the overall eosts of eanying out the funetion ... 

Out-of-the-box HTS informatics software solutions with integrated functionality of all three operational components (HTS data, plate and sample tracking, chemical structures) include ActivityBase from IDBS, Assay Explorer from Symyx (former MDL), BioAssay Enterprise from CambridgeSoft, Accord Enterprise (Accelrys), Chemlnnovation (CBIS), and others. However, we recommend careful evaluation of functionality, usability, architecture, and availability of a published application programming interface (API) if the system is to be integrated with other informatics components. Because the commercial solutions have different strengths, one answer is to combine different components or build certain functionalities in-house. 

These considerations are primarily enterprise-wide in scope. With integration being of primary importance to healthcare in general, it is still necessary to obtain best-of-class software solutions for specific pharmacy activities. Recommendations that will help select appropriate applications and technologies that are backed by reliable implementation, support, and services will be the focus of the remainder of this chapter. Refer to Tables 1 and 2 (used with permission from ComputerTalk) as you read this chapter. These figures contain an extensive evaluation of the current information systems market. 

Demonstrable Traceability. Proposed pharmacometric enterprise capabilities and assets must constitute demonstrable solutions to the strategic, technical, and infrastructure requirements entailed by stakeholder aims. This in turn mandates an enterprise design, or architecture, that is provably traceable to the mission requirements. This enterprise architecture requires the identification of the needs and requirements stemming from mission definitions, synthesis of system element designs entailed by the needs and requirements, and an evaluation process based on measures of acceptability. 

Individually, these layers serve to separate concerns and enable the definition of tractable planning problems for which mathematical and managerial solutions can be obtained. Collectively, these layers of supply chain planning enable manufacturing enterprises more effectively and efficiently to balance supply, resources, and demand. The upper layers buffer the lower layers from sudden shifts in the market, thus allowing for smoother changes in the enterprise s plants, distribution channels, and transportation systems. 

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