Enterobacteriaceae

Enterobacter aerogenes Enterobacter cloacae Enterobacteriaceae Enterobacter ridant Enterobactin Enterococcus faecalis Enterohepatitis Enteroviruses... 

Clinically resistant bacteria, vktuaUy 100% of the Enterobacteriaceae produce a low level of chromosomal enzyme that can clinically be selected for higher levels. 

Antibiotics from Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus spp. (Enterobacteriaceae) 98KGS1561. 

It has been shown that an AAC enzyme variant (AAC (6 )-Ib-cr, cr for ciprofloxacin resistance) found in various Enterobacteriaceae is capable of A-acetylating fluoroquinolones with an unmodified piperazinyl substituent at the amino nitrogen. Although the increase in MIC is low, this plasmid encoded quinolone resistance determinant can augment further development of clinically relevant resistance. 

Nucleotidylation - the addition of adenylate-residues by Lnu enzymes - can also be the cause of resistance to lincosamide antibiotics in staphylococci and enterococci. A plasmid encoded ADP-ribosylating transferase (Arr-2) that leads to rifampicin resistance has been detected in various Enterobacteriaceae as well as in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 

Livermore DM, Woodford N (2006) The (3-lactamase threat in Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas and Acine-tobacter. Trends Microbiol 14(9) 413—420... 

A number of amide- and ester-linked fatty acids and (/ )-3-hydroxy acids are components of the lipid A part in the LPS from Gram-negative bacteria. The acids have been tabulatedand the chemistry of lipid A summarized. The most common acids in lipid A from Enterobacteriaceae are the saturated 12 0,14 0, and 16 0, and the (/ )-3-hydroxy-14 0, The last is linked to N-2 and 0-3 of the 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosyl residues, and the others are ester-linked to the hydroxy acid, as in the lipid A (44) of Salmonella minnesota. Other linear and branched fatty acids, unsaturated acids, S)-2- and (/ )-3-hydroxy acids, and 3-oxotetradecanoic acid are components of lipid A from certain different species. In the lipid A from Rhizobium trifolii, 2,7-dihydroxyoctanoic acid is linked as amide to a 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-gl ucopy ranosy 1 residue. ... 

MacConkey s medium. This was introduced in 1905 to isolate Enterobacteriaceae from water, urine, faeces, foods, etc. Essentially, it consists of a nutrient medium with bile salts, lactose and a suitable indicator. The bile salts function as a natural surface-active agent which, while not inhibiting the growth of the Enterobacteriaceae, inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria which are likely to be present in the material to be examined. 

Amongst the Enterobacteriaceae, plasmids may carry genes specifying resistance to... 

Among the family of Enterobacteriaceae, two species of the genus Erwinia define the soft rot group E. chrysanthemi and E. carotovora. The main characteristic of the soft rot bacteria is their ability to produce large quantities of plant cell wall degrading enzymes. The maceration of plant tissue resulting from... 

Several taxa of Enterobacteriaceae inclnding Morganella morganii, Proteus vulgaris, and Raoultella (Klebsiella) planticola are able to decarboxylate the amino acid histidine, which is abundant in the mnscle tissne of scombroid hsh (Yoshinaga and Frank 1982 Takahashi et al. 2003). The histamine produced has been associated with an incident of scombroid fish poisoning (Taylor et al. 1989). 

Grbic-Galic D (1986) O-Demethylation, dehydroxylation, ring-reduction and cleavage of aromatic substrates by Enterobacteriaceae under anaerobic conditions. J Appl Bacteriol 61 491-497. 

Kitts CL, DP Cunningham, PJ Unkefer (1994) Isolation of three hexahydro-l,3,5-trinitro-l,3,5-triazine-degrading species of the family Enterobacteriaceae from nitramine explosive-contaminated soil. Appl Environ Microbiol 60 4608-4711. 

Veron M, L Le Minor (1975) Nutrition et taxonomic des Enterobacteriaceae et bacteries voisines III Carac-teres nutritionnels et differenciation des groupes taxonomiques. Ann Microbiol Inst Pasteur) 126B 125-147. 

The presence of unusual carbohydrate fermentation patterns (particularly for lactose), and the ability to use citrate among Enterobacteriaceae has hindered, and sometimes jeopardized, the identification of pathogenic strains including Salmonella typhi. 

This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to formate and acetyl CoA and is a key enzyme in the anaerobic degradation of carbohydrates in some Enterobacteriaceae. Using an enzyme selectively C-labeled with glycine, it was shown by EPR that the reaction involves production of a free radical at C-2 of glycine (Wagner et al. 1992). This was confirmed by destruction of the radical with O2, and determination of part of the structure of the small protein that contained an oxalyl residue originating from gly-734. 

The reduction of tetrachloroethene to d5 -l,2-dichloroethene by the enteric organism Pan-toea (Enterobacter) agglomerans may be noted (Sharma and McCarty 1996) as one of the few examples of the ability of Enterobacteriaceae to carry out reductive dechlorination. 

Decarboxylation of aromatic carboxylic acids has been encountered extensively in facultatively anaerobic Enterobacteriaceae. For example, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid is... 

Total bacteria Total fungi and yeasts Pseudomonas species Enterobacteriaceae Spore formers... 

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