Endoscopic examination

A 2 2-year-old female with a two-year history of AIDS treated with one of these agents develops epigastric pain that radiates to the chest. Endoscopic examination reveals an esophageal ulceration. 

A 48-year-old female has had difficulty swallowing for six months. She is premedicated for an endoscopic examination... 

Prompt stabilization and aggressive fluid resuscitation of patients with active bleeding are followed by endoscopic examination. Airway management is critical. 

Colonoscopy Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the luminal surface of the colon. [NIH]... 

While healing with sucralfate may occur within the first 2 weeks, continue treatment for 4 to 8 weeks unless healing is demonstrated by X-ray or endoscopic examination. 

It is often necessary to continue medication even when clinical symptoms, including diarrhea, have been controlled. When endoscopic examination confirms satisfactory improvement, reduce dosage to a maintenance level. If diarrhea recurs, increase dosage to previously effective levels. 

Clinical use Due to the low lipophilicity and therefore the low ability to penetrate neuronal membranes, the clinical use of benzocaine is limited to topical anesthesia such as mucous membrane anesthesia prior to endoscopic examination or for temporary relief of oral or dental pain. With higher doses, oxidation of the ferric form of hemoglobin to the ferrous form can occur the resulting methemoglobinemia is usually benign and can be reversed with methylene blue. Benzocaine is more likely to cause contact sensitization than amide-type LAs. 

Endoscopic examination of the gastrointestinal tract often reveals erosion in the form of portal hypertensive... 

Primary haemostasis Acute sclerosing is generally performed during the first endoscopic examination. The rate of haemostasis is 70-95(-100)%. The frequency of (early and late) recurrent bleeding has been reduced to 30-50%, most effectively after several months when all varices have been obliterated. Nevertheless, an annual risk of recurrent bleeding of 10-20% remains due to newly formed varices, especially in the stomach fundus. Inpatient mortality is about 20%. However, more ways are being found to improve the life expectancy of the patient. 

Massive bleeding can be effectively controlled by mechanical compression of bleeding oesophageal or fundus varices, yet only for a limited period of time. Unless the bleeding is life-threatening, it is necessary to carry out a preliminary endoscopic examination in order to localize the source of bleeding for ensuring accuracy in the selection and placement of the tube. (s. fig. 19.12)... 

An 80-year-old Japanese woman presented with epigastric discomfort and nausea. She had a history of hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, iron deficiency anemia, chronic renal insufficiency, and had taken oral ferrous sulfite for 19 months. Endoscopic examination of the duodenum showed marked pigmentation of the duodenal mucosa. Histological examination showed that the pigment had histochemical features compatible with hemosiderin and was located mainly within macrophage lysosomes in the lamina propria. Ferrous sulfite was withdrawn and the pigmentation disappeared within 7 months. 

Subsequent tests in the hospital, including endoscopic examination of his stomach and CAT scan, showed him to have a mass, which turned out to be a large-celled lymphoma in the top part of his stomach and taking up over one-third of the stomach area. The mass was about the size of a grapefruit... 

Additional smdies that are often useful include direct endoscopic examination of affected areas and/or radiocontrast smdies. For patients with acute disease, assessment of fluid and electrolyte stams is important, because these may be lost during diarrheal episodes. Other laboratory tests, such as serum albumin, transferrin, or other markers of visceral protein status, as well as markers of inflammation (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) may be used. 

Summary A 63-year-old female with arthritis taking an NSAID with recent onset of epigastric pain relieved with food, guaiac positive stools, and iron deficiency anemia. Endoscopic examination reveals gastric ulcers. 

Simethicone is an antifiatulent that relieves flatulence by dispersing and preventing formation of mncns-snrronnded gas pockets in the GI tract. It is indicated in relief of painful symptoms and pressnre of excess gas in the digestive tract. It is an adjunct in treatment of many conditions in which gas retention may be a problem, snch as postoperative gaseous distention and pain, endoscopic examination, air swallowing, functional dyspepsia, peptic nicer, spastic or irritable colon, and diverticulosis. 

Very high resolution systems (voxel diameters of 1 mm or less) may replace exploratory procedures such as endoscopy. The scan data can be processed interactively to give the physician views corresponding to a virtual endoscopic examination under his control. However, parallel studies in which hundreds of patients receive literal or virtual visualization procedures with comparison of diagnostic accuracy, and long term outcome will be necessary before virtual examinations can be accepted as the standard of medical care, see also Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. 

The child diagnosed with gastroenteritis is scheduled for an endoscopic examination of the stomach and duodenum. Which intervention is priority for the nurse assisting with the procedure ... 

Lynch et al. ° described an FAP patient who developed rectal carcinoma 15 months after beginning chemoprophylaxis with sulindac. There was metastatic adenocarcinoma in 6 of 20 perirectal lymph nodes. In addition to the carcinoma, her rectal mucosa contained two adenomas and multiple foci of adenomatous changes in flat mucosa. It was concluded that, while sulindac may alter the pathogenesis of FAP, those patients undergoing sulindac chemoprevention must be monitored closely by endoscopic examination. This surveillance should include an aggressive biopsy approach, since the absence of polyps does not prove the absence of malignant neoplastic changes. 

The entena for checking new fuel sub-assemblies before loading by venfying the loss of air pressure were fine-tuned An endoscopic examination inside the leg has been added... 

After this draining and a further draining of two residual bulk of sodium, the amount of residual sodium let in the primary vessel was estimated to 70 kg of metallic sodium and 100 kg of aerosols and sodium oxides. An endoscopic examination of the primary vessel confirmed this first estimation. The primary vessel was kept under argon cover gas with a residual overpressure to prevent from any ingress of air. 

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