Emulsion drilling fluid

Other Materials for Inverted Emulsion Drilling Fluids... 

H. Muller, C. P. Herold, and S. von Tapavicza. Oleophilic alcohols as components of invert emulsion drilling fluids (Oleophile Alko-hole als Bestandteil von Inveit-Bohrspiilungen). Patent EP 391252, 1990. 

M. Santhanam and K. Macnally. Oil and oil invert emulsion drilling fluids with improved anti-settling properties. Patent EP 1111024-A, 2001. 

Emulsifiers have been used to prepare oil-external emulsion drilling fluids. Surfactants used as emulsifiers include fatty acid salts, fatty acid amides, petroleum sulfonates, and lignosulfo-nates. 

Emulsions may be encountered throughout all stages of the process industries. For example, in the petroleum industry (see Chapter 11) both desirable and undesirable emulsions permeate the entire production cycle, including emulsion drilling fluid, injected or in situ emulsions used in enhanced oil-recovery processes, wellhead production emulsions, pipeline transportation emulsions, and refinery process emulsions [2], Such emulsions may contain not just oil and water, but also solid particles and even gas, as occur in the large Canadian oil sands mining and processing operations [2-4],... 

A water-in-oil emulsion. This term differs from the term reverse emulsion , which is used in the petroleum field. An emulsion drilling fluid (mud) of the water-in-oil (W/ O) type, that has a high water content. See also Oil-Base Mud, Oil Mud. 

An emulsion drilling fluid (mud) of the oil-dispersed-in-water (O/W) type. See also Oil Mud. 

An emulsion drilling fluid (mud) of the water-dispersed -in-oil (W/O) type. A mud of low water content is referred to as an oil-base mud , and a mud of high water content is referred to as an invert-oil mud . See also Oil-Emulsion Mud. 

Invert emulsion drilling fluids are commonly selected for their temperature stability and their ability to prevent the wellbore stability problems associated with the hydration of clays in shale formations. The thermodynamic activity aw of the water in the aqueous (dispersed) phase is controlled by the addition of a salt (usually calcium chloride) to ensure that it is equal to or less than the activity of the water in the drilled shale formations. The emulsified layer around the water droplets is claimed to act as a semipermeable membrane that allows the transport of water into and out of the shale but not the transport of ions (61). When the activities (or, more strictly, the chemical potentials) of the water in the shale and invert emulsion are equal, then no net transport of water into or out of the shale occurs (i.e., the drilling fluid does not hydrate or dehydrate the shale). This equality of water activity has lead to the development of so-called balanced activity oil-based drilling fluids. 

Produced (wellbore) foams in cold, heavy oil recovery Oil flotation process froths Firefighting foam Heavy oil pipeline emulsions Well stimulation emulsions Oil and oil sand flotation process emulsions Emulsion drilling fluid Oil-emulsion mud Oil-base mud Asphalt emulsion... 

Liquid/Liquid Systems Emulsion drilling fluids Enhanced oil recovery in situ emulsions Oil sand flotation process slurry Oil sand flotation process froths Well-head emulsions Heavy oil pipeline emulsions Fuel oil emulsions Asphalt emulsion Oil spill emulsions Tanker bilge emulsions... 

Chem. Desaip. Modified calcium salts of higher org. acids Uses Emulsifier for w/o emulsion drilling fluids, reduces filtration Properties Powd. 100%act. 

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